Pronunciation
-
Description
The Atlas Terrier is an off shoot of the Jack Russell Terrier, one difference being they can be solid in color. The Atlas Terrier can come in any color, including "merles" and "brindles", they can not have more that 15% of white, which will allow for a white collar, toes, facial blaze and chest. The Atlas Terrier comes in two coat varieties, smooth and wire. Tail docking is optional as well, but an undocked tail must curl completely over the back and must fall below the body top line. A Docked tail must be carried high above the body top line. The skull is flat between the ears, then tapering. The stop is defined, but not abrupt. Eyes are almond-shaped eyes, and can be solid, marbled or cracked with any of the following colors: Brown, Amber, Yellow, Green, Hazel, Cobalt, Glass. The v-shaped ears fold forward. The neck is strong well set, and of decent length, the body is tapering, with a "sleeve" like chest, the hind end is powerful, well angulated. The coat is a thick, loose skinned and weather resistant, without a good coat a terrier is very susceptible to the elements, above and below ground. The Atlas Terrier is a dog built for athleticism, speed, and flexibility. A *spannable and pliable chest is of utmost importance, any other will have difficulty functioning underground. they are highly motivated, extremely willing, and incredibly intelligent.
Temperament
Much like the Jack Russell, the Atlas Terrier is a outgoing, devilish, merry, devoted, and loving dog. Spirited and obedient, yet absolutely fearless. Careful and amusing, he enjoys games and playing with toys. An Atlas terrier will enjoy playing with your children as long as the playing stays "friendly" and the dog does not start to fear for it's safety. They are extremely intelligent, and will enjoy trying to outsmart their owners at every turn, the will test the boundaries and push the limits, owners need to be on their toes. Much to their delight, They will enjoy training their owners, but such can lead to tragic events if the owner can not safety keep their little devil (oops! we mean angel) under control. The Atlas breed is less dog aggressive than it's Jack Russell cousin, but they will hold their ground if tested. Early socialization can help suppress this trait. They have a high prey drive and small cute fuzzy critters will perk their interest, as the terrier mentally matures the hunting instinct will also grow, having potential victims as pets is best if they are kept separated. They like to chase and explore EVERYTHING, Be careful not to let them off the lead unless they are very well-trained. Atlas Terrier like to bark, dig and chew, especially if bored, or ignored. An Atlas Terrier climb, which means they can climb over a fence, they also jump. This is a BIG dog in a little dogs body. The owner needs to be routine, firm, and half as smart (only kidding....), know the boundaries, before the furball, so everybody will know what to correct them from doing and when to let them have at it. The RIGHT owner for an Atlas Terrier is capable of giving direction, knows how to set boundaries, and won't mind doing daily physical and mental exercise with the dog.
Height, Weight
Height: Toy 9-11 inches (23-28 cm.)
Weight: Toy 6-12 pounds 2.7-5.4 kg.)
Height: Mini's 11-13 inches (28-33 cm.)
Weight: Mini's 10-15 pounds (4.6-6.9 kg.)
Height: Standards 13-15 inches (33-38 cm.)
Weight: Standards 13-18 pounds (6-8 kg)
Health Problems
What makes the Atlas so special is the extreme controlled breeding program used to create this breed, all originating dogs used where health tested, as much as modernly possible and they were monitored well into their senior years as longevity was a concern as well. To this day no major health problems have been detected.
Living Conditions
The Atlas Terrier will do okay in an apartment if it is sufficiently exercised. They are very active indoors and will do best with at least an average-sized yard. If the Atlas Terrier is kept in an apartment, the dog should have a person home with it during the day unless the dog is crate trained. Even then, the owner better expect to get some exercise or be pestered to death for belly rubs and tug of war games when he/she gets home.
Exercise
Like the Jack Russell, the Atlas terrier will exercise, and amuse themselves in a yard, but without supervision their choice of activity my not be to your liking, they thrive on being your shot gun buddy and anywhere you go, they would like to be with you. They excel in active sports, like agility, flyball, & racing. We like to say that a tired Atlas is a well exercised owner.
Life Expectancy
About 15 or more years.
Grooming
The Atlas Terrier comes in two coat varieties, smooth and wire. Neither are high maintenance coats. Special grooming is not required on your wire coated dogs, unlike a Wire Fox Terrier, this coat is hard, and lays flat to the body. Routine brushing and combing and occasional bathing will keep them in good coat condition, and reduce shedding.
Origin
The Atlas Terrier is a by product of the Jack Russell Terrier, The JRT originated by crossing many terrier breeds together, the base breed being Fox Terrier, and The Old English White Terrier (now extinct), but other solid colored breeds such as Border Terrier, Lakelands, and Manchester where crossed in as well, The Parson himself kept a ole black and tan stud in his kennel, in the day of the Parson, many dogs used for breeding where based solely on their working ability, color and conformation where often given little consideration.
In our modern day society, very few dogs are used for the original tasked they where bred for, and breeding for "LOOKS" became the primary importance, with the standard for the JRT being a mostly solid white colored dog, dogs born of solid or excessive coloring where either culled at birth or given away as none breedable dogs.
The gene that causes the predominant white coloration does have it's price, and like other spotted white dog breeds, the JRT has become effected with deafness, it was out of this concern that the Atlas Terrier was born, it's solid coloration greatly reduces the chance of deafness.
Group
Terrier
Recognition
ATA, APRI, FCI, ACR
The ATA (Atlas Terrier Association) is the most unique in the world, as all Atlas Terriers are DNA profiled and microchipped.
Tuesday, January 2, 2007
Appenzell Mountain Dog
Description
The Appenzell Mountain Dog is also called the "Appenzeller," the "Appenzell Cattle Dog," and the "Appenzeller Sennenhund." It is a muscular but not massive dog. A well-built and hardy animal, it is a versatile working dog. It has a wide, flat head with a muzzle that narrows towards a black nose. The eyes are small and dark and the ears are pendant. Its tail is carried rolled up on its back. Its limbs are straight. Its short double coat is considerably tight, thick and glossy. The basic colors are black or brown with symmetrical white and rust markings. A white blaze and rust marking over the eyes must be present on the head. Rust is always between the black and the white.
Temperament
Tough, sober, brave, intelligent, and lively, the Appenzell usually gets along well with other dogs and mixes well with livestock and household animals if it has become used to them while still young. They are rather unsure of strangers but greet family and friends effusively. A healthy and well brought up Appenzell Mountain Dog is fine with children. It is loyal to the whole family, but tends to bond closely with one person. They respond best to consistent, even-tempered training. Socialize this dog well with all kinds of situations, people and other animals. Appenzells learn quickly, partly because it is so intelligent, but also because it really wants to have something to do. It likes to be outdoors, but only when it is with its handler. Agility skill trials and games of catch are suitable sports for this breed. The Appenzell is a noisy, extroverted dog that makes a great watch dog. It is charming and affectionate, but it loves the freedom of open spaces and thus is not adapted to living indoors or in a kennel.
Height, Weight
Height: Dogs 22-23 inches (56-58.5 cm.) Bitches 18-20 inches (46-50 cm.)
Weight: 49-70 pounds (22-32 kg.)
Health Problems
A fairly healthy breed.
Living Conditions
The Appenzell Mountain Dog is not recommended for apartment life. They prefer to live outdoors and should have acreage where they can run free - such as a farm. They like to bark, so they are not suited for areas with close neighbors.
Exercise
The Appenzell does not belong in a busy urban environment or in the suburbs. It should live on a farm where it will give itself enough exercise on its own. Its strong herding instincts keep it from running off. It prefers to be outdoors and closely bonds with its territory. In all other circumstances it must be taken for really long walks. If you can find work for the Appenzell, it will be completely happy.
Life Expectancy
About 12-13 years.
Grooming
The Appenzell's straight-haired double coat is easy to care for and requires little attention. Just remove the dead hairs with a rubber brush from time to time.
Origin
There are two theories concerning the origin of the Appenzell Mountain Dog. One, that it is a native breed dating back to the Bronze Age, the other: it descended from the Molossus and was brought into Switzerland by the Romans. In any case it is one of the four Swiss Sennenhunds. The Appenzell is the rarest of the four. It is an outstanding herd dog. Tireless and surefooted in the mountains. It is also adaptable to pulling a cart and is used to bring milk and cheese from the valleys to the merchants in town. It does not have a lazy bone in its body. When it is not working with the herd, it will guard its master's property with a natural enthusiasm.
Group
Mastiff
Recognition
FCI, CKC, NKC, CKC, APRI, ACR
The Appenzell Mountain Dog is also called the "Appenzeller," the "Appenzell Cattle Dog," and the "Appenzeller Sennenhund." It is a muscular but not massive dog. A well-built and hardy animal, it is a versatile working dog. It has a wide, flat head with a muzzle that narrows towards a black nose. The eyes are small and dark and the ears are pendant. Its tail is carried rolled up on its back. Its limbs are straight. Its short double coat is considerably tight, thick and glossy. The basic colors are black or brown with symmetrical white and rust markings. A white blaze and rust marking over the eyes must be present on the head. Rust is always between the black and the white.
Temperament
Tough, sober, brave, intelligent, and lively, the Appenzell usually gets along well with other dogs and mixes well with livestock and household animals if it has become used to them while still young. They are rather unsure of strangers but greet family and friends effusively. A healthy and well brought up Appenzell Mountain Dog is fine with children. It is loyal to the whole family, but tends to bond closely with one person. They respond best to consistent, even-tempered training. Socialize this dog well with all kinds of situations, people and other animals. Appenzells learn quickly, partly because it is so intelligent, but also because it really wants to have something to do. It likes to be outdoors, but only when it is with its handler. Agility skill trials and games of catch are suitable sports for this breed. The Appenzell is a noisy, extroverted dog that makes a great watch dog. It is charming and affectionate, but it loves the freedom of open spaces and thus is not adapted to living indoors or in a kennel.
Height, Weight
Height: Dogs 22-23 inches (56-58.5 cm.) Bitches 18-20 inches (46-50 cm.)
Weight: 49-70 pounds (22-32 kg.)
Health Problems
A fairly healthy breed.
Living Conditions
The Appenzell Mountain Dog is not recommended for apartment life. They prefer to live outdoors and should have acreage where they can run free - such as a farm. They like to bark, so they are not suited for areas with close neighbors.
Exercise
The Appenzell does not belong in a busy urban environment or in the suburbs. It should live on a farm where it will give itself enough exercise on its own. Its strong herding instincts keep it from running off. It prefers to be outdoors and closely bonds with its territory. In all other circumstances it must be taken for really long walks. If you can find work for the Appenzell, it will be completely happy.
Life Expectancy
About 12-13 years.
Grooming
The Appenzell's straight-haired double coat is easy to care for and requires little attention. Just remove the dead hairs with a rubber brush from time to time.
Origin
There are two theories concerning the origin of the Appenzell Mountain Dog. One, that it is a native breed dating back to the Bronze Age, the other: it descended from the Molossus and was brought into Switzerland by the Romans. In any case it is one of the four Swiss Sennenhunds. The Appenzell is the rarest of the four. It is an outstanding herd dog. Tireless and surefooted in the mountains. It is also adaptable to pulling a cart and is used to bring milk and cheese from the valleys to the merchants in town. It does not have a lazy bone in its body. When it is not working with the herd, it will guard its master's property with a natural enthusiasm.
Group
Mastiff
Recognition
FCI, CKC, NKC, CKC, APRI, ACR
Anatolian Shepherd Dog
The Anatolian Shepherd Dog is a large, noble and powerful livestock guardian. He is very similar to the Great Pyrenees and the Kuvasz, but is more slender and agile. Capable of great speed and endurance. The head is large, but in good proportion with the rest of the body. The rectangular muzzle should be a bit shorter than the skull, with a blunt profile and is often black. The skull is wide and slightly rounded, with a slight stop. The lips are edged in black and hang down slightly, however the upper lip should not hang down lower than the bottom jaw's lower edge. The teeth should meet in a scissors bite. The triangular, pendant ears are often black and rather small with rounded tips. In Turkey, the ears are often cropped very short. The small, deep-set eyes range from gold to brown in color. Liver colored dogs have brown eye rims and a brown nose. Nose and eye rims for all other dogs should be black. The thick, muscular neck has a slight dewlap. The topline is mainly level; though slightly rounded at the loin. The chest reaches to the elbows. The back is short relative to leg length. The front legs are straight and set well apart. When the dog is alert, the high-set tail is carried curled over the back; otherwise, it hangs low with a slightly upward curl reaching the hocks. The short or rough double coat is generally fawn with a black mask, though any color is acceptable. Other frequently seen colors include pinto, white and brindle. The outer coat is smooth and the length may vary greatly depending on the season and the dog's lineage - it is longer around the collar and tail. There are two basic coat types: medium length and medium long.
Temperament
The Anatolian Shepherd is a very loyal, alert and possessive dog. It is intelligent and easy to train, but is not a dog for beginners. It needs a handler who naturally radiates leadership. Calm, steadfast and brave, but not aggressive. Independent, very watchful, proud and self-assured. Affectionate with their own family, but suspicious of strangers, especially after reaching adulthood. Strangers should be formally introduced before the mature dog is asked to accept them. The Anatolian Shepherd is possessive with respect to its home and property and will not allow anyone into the family property if the owner is not home, unless it has had frequent contact with the person, but he is fairly friendly with those people the family accepts. The dog is demanding of itself, and can be stubborn and dominant. When training the Anatolian Shepherd, the best results are achieved by motivational training methods with a determined, consistent and loving approach. It is very important to begin training as early as possible, because a fully grown dog may be too strong and too big to be corrected and because this dog has his own ideas and will not cater to his owner's every whim. Sensitive to reprimands and eager to receive affection. This breed is patient and protective with children of the family, but may accidentally knock them down. Children should always be supervised and properly introduced. The Anatolian Shepherd does not require any additional protection training. It already has very strong protection instincts that grow as the dog matures, often coming suddenly to the fore at around one and a half years of age. They will generally get along with other animals provided they have been introduced to them when they are still young. They can be rather dominant towards other dogs and it is important to socialize them while they are still young. These dogs mature quite slowly, reaching full adulthood at about four years old. Dogs that are going to be made into flock guards should not be family pets or they will prefer the family over the sheep. They should live their entire life with the flock, but still should be socialized with people out in the field and accustomed to grooming procedures when they are puppies to make veterinary care possible later in life. Anatolian Shepherds guard, but do not herd, livestock. They often patrol the outer perimeter of their territory, then find a high place from which to watch over their charges. Anatolians possess excellent senses of sight and hearing to help them in this work. They check their "protective zone" around the flock every few hours to be certain nothing threatening is brewing. If danger approaches, the Anatolian will first bark a warning, then accelerate and raise the volume of the barking if the danger persists, signaling the sheep to crowd in behind him for protection. The dog will attempt to drive the danger away and will only attack as the last resort. In Turkey, the Anatolian Shepherds wear spiked collars to protect their throats in battles with predators. They will do best on a low-protein, lamb and rice diet. They do not eat much for their size. Extensive early socialization, obedience training and consistent dominant leadership are very important when owning an Anatolian Shepherd. They tend to bark at night and some like to dig.
Height, Weight
Height: Dogs 28-30 inches (71-76 cm.) Bitches 26-28 inches (66-71 cm.)
Weight: Dogs 100-150 pounds (45-68 kg.) Bitches 90-130 pounds (41-59 kg.)
Health Problems
Some are prone to eyelid entropion or to hypothyroidism. Hip dysplasia does occur, but is not as common as some other large breeds. They are sensitive to anesthesia. The Anatolian Shepherd's immunity often takes longer to develop than with many other breeds and therefore young Anatolians should be given extra vaccinations against parvo-virus.
Living Conditions
Anatolian Shepherds are not recommended for apartment life. They are relatively inactive indoors and will do best with at least a large yard. This breed is very suspicious of strangers, and it is therefore necessary to provide a secure, fenced yard.
Exercise
This breed needs a lot of exercise. They do best when they can run free in their own fenced-in yard. In this case they will decide upon their own exercise needs.
Life Expectancy
About 12-15 years
Litter Size
5 - 10 puppies
Grooming
This breed requires little grooming. The coat needs thorough brushing-out during the twice a year shedding season. You can get away with little attention the rest of the year. The Anatolian Shepherd is a seasonal, heavy shedder.
Origin
The Anatolian Shepherd is native to Asia Minor. It protects flocks and serves as a shepherd's companion. On the high Anatolian Plateau, where summers are hot and very dry and winters are cold, the Anatolian Shepherd Dogs live outside all year round. For centuries the ancestors of the Anatolian Shepherd were used as a combat dog in war and for hunting. It was particularly valued for the victorious battles it could fight with wolves. As a sheepdog, it was bothered by neither fatigue nor bad weather. Today it is still used as a sheep dog as well as a guard dog. The Anatolian Shepherd is very closely related to the Kangal Dog and some people even declare all Turkish shepherd's i.e. the Kangal Dog, to be one breed, the Anatolian Shepherd, however the true Turkish Kangal Dogs are said to be a separate breed from the generic Turkish shepherd's dog. The isolated historical conditions of the Sivas-Kangal region has resulted in the development of the Kangal Dog as a distinct breed, which has been declared the National Dog of Turkey and a national treasure. The true Turkish Kangal Dogs are first and foremost still primarily working shepherds. The export of pure Kangal Dogs from Turkey has been controlled and now is virtually forbidden. The Kangal Dog Club of America continues to work to ease import restrictions. Imported dogs are considered to be extremely valuable for their potential contribution to the genetic pool in the United States.
Group
Flock Guard
Recognition
FCI, AKC, UKC, KCGB, NKC, SKC, NZKC, CKC, APRI, ACR
Currently, there are over 3000 Anatolian Shepherds registered in the United States. Anatolians can be registered with the Anatolian Shepherd Dog Club of America and Anatolian Shepherd International.
Temperament
The Anatolian Shepherd is a very loyal, alert and possessive dog. It is intelligent and easy to train, but is not a dog for beginners. It needs a handler who naturally radiates leadership. Calm, steadfast and brave, but not aggressive. Independent, very watchful, proud and self-assured. Affectionate with their own family, but suspicious of strangers, especially after reaching adulthood. Strangers should be formally introduced before the mature dog is asked to accept them. The Anatolian Shepherd is possessive with respect to its home and property and will not allow anyone into the family property if the owner is not home, unless it has had frequent contact with the person, but he is fairly friendly with those people the family accepts. The dog is demanding of itself, and can be stubborn and dominant. When training the Anatolian Shepherd, the best results are achieved by motivational training methods with a determined, consistent and loving approach. It is very important to begin training as early as possible, because a fully grown dog may be too strong and too big to be corrected and because this dog has his own ideas and will not cater to his owner's every whim. Sensitive to reprimands and eager to receive affection. This breed is patient and protective with children of the family, but may accidentally knock them down. Children should always be supervised and properly introduced. The Anatolian Shepherd does not require any additional protection training. It already has very strong protection instincts that grow as the dog matures, often coming suddenly to the fore at around one and a half years of age. They will generally get along with other animals provided they have been introduced to them when they are still young. They can be rather dominant towards other dogs and it is important to socialize them while they are still young. These dogs mature quite slowly, reaching full adulthood at about four years old. Dogs that are going to be made into flock guards should not be family pets or they will prefer the family over the sheep. They should live their entire life with the flock, but still should be socialized with people out in the field and accustomed to grooming procedures when they are puppies to make veterinary care possible later in life. Anatolian Shepherds guard, but do not herd, livestock. They often patrol the outer perimeter of their territory, then find a high place from which to watch over their charges. Anatolians possess excellent senses of sight and hearing to help them in this work. They check their "protective zone" around the flock every few hours to be certain nothing threatening is brewing. If danger approaches, the Anatolian will first bark a warning, then accelerate and raise the volume of the barking if the danger persists, signaling the sheep to crowd in behind him for protection. The dog will attempt to drive the danger away and will only attack as the last resort. In Turkey, the Anatolian Shepherds wear spiked collars to protect their throats in battles with predators. They will do best on a low-protein, lamb and rice diet. They do not eat much for their size. Extensive early socialization, obedience training and consistent dominant leadership are very important when owning an Anatolian Shepherd. They tend to bark at night and some like to dig.
Height, Weight
Height: Dogs 28-30 inches (71-76 cm.) Bitches 26-28 inches (66-71 cm.)
Weight: Dogs 100-150 pounds (45-68 kg.) Bitches 90-130 pounds (41-59 kg.)
Health Problems
Some are prone to eyelid entropion or to hypothyroidism. Hip dysplasia does occur, but is not as common as some other large breeds. They are sensitive to anesthesia. The Anatolian Shepherd's immunity often takes longer to develop than with many other breeds and therefore young Anatolians should be given extra vaccinations against parvo-virus.
Living Conditions
Anatolian Shepherds are not recommended for apartment life. They are relatively inactive indoors and will do best with at least a large yard. This breed is very suspicious of strangers, and it is therefore necessary to provide a secure, fenced yard.
Exercise
This breed needs a lot of exercise. They do best when they can run free in their own fenced-in yard. In this case they will decide upon their own exercise needs.
Life Expectancy
About 12-15 years
Litter Size
5 - 10 puppies
Grooming
This breed requires little grooming. The coat needs thorough brushing-out during the twice a year shedding season. You can get away with little attention the rest of the year. The Anatolian Shepherd is a seasonal, heavy shedder.
Origin
The Anatolian Shepherd is native to Asia Minor. It protects flocks and serves as a shepherd's companion. On the high Anatolian Plateau, where summers are hot and very dry and winters are cold, the Anatolian Shepherd Dogs live outside all year round. For centuries the ancestors of the Anatolian Shepherd were used as a combat dog in war and for hunting. It was particularly valued for the victorious battles it could fight with wolves. As a sheepdog, it was bothered by neither fatigue nor bad weather. Today it is still used as a sheep dog as well as a guard dog. The Anatolian Shepherd is very closely related to the Kangal Dog and some people even declare all Turkish shepherd's i.e. the Kangal Dog, to be one breed, the Anatolian Shepherd, however the true Turkish Kangal Dogs are said to be a separate breed from the generic Turkish shepherd's dog. The isolated historical conditions of the Sivas-Kangal region has resulted in the development of the Kangal Dog as a distinct breed, which has been declared the National Dog of Turkey and a national treasure. The true Turkish Kangal Dogs are first and foremost still primarily working shepherds. The export of pure Kangal Dogs from Turkey has been controlled and now is virtually forbidden. The Kangal Dog Club of America continues to work to ease import restrictions. Imported dogs are considered to be extremely valuable for their potential contribution to the genetic pool in the United States.
Group
Flock Guard
Recognition
FCI, AKC, UKC, KCGB, NKC, SKC, NZKC, CKC, APRI, ACR
Currently, there are over 3000 Anatolian Shepherds registered in the United States. Anatolians can be registered with the Anatolian Shepherd Dog Club of America and Anatolian Shepherd International.
American White Shepherd
Pronunciation
American White Shepherd
Description
The American White Shepherd looks almost exactly like a German Shepherd except for the color. It has a stiff, long, or long-haired coat. The long-haired types do not have an undercoat. The color is always white.
Temperament
The White Shepherd is friendly, watchful and loyal. It is very protective of its family in appropriate situations. Can be standoffish or even somewhat suspicious of strangers, but should never be aggressive. They are eager to work and like to be close to their handler. Very intelligent, these dogs are easy to train and learn quickly. White Shepherds can be sensitive almost to the point of timidity. They are usually quite obedient and harsh training methods should not be necessary, nor should they be used with this breed. In this regard, they are very different from many lines of GSD, especially the imports. It is very important that the young dog is socialized well and has lots of positive encounters with many different animals, people, things and situations to help it grow up to be a well-balanced animal. This breed needs his people and should not be left isolated for long periods of time. They generally get along well with other dogs and children. They only bark when it is necessary. They will get along with cats if they are socialized with them as a puppy. These dogs are very vocal. Some are known to hold "conversations" with the dog next door. They make a wide range of sounds and like to use their voices. To be successful pets, these dogs should be trained and socialized from an early age with a firm and loving hand. Coercive or angry training does not succeed well with these dogs. To be truly happy, the German Shepherd needs a task in life.
Height, Weight
Height: 24-26 inches (60-65cm.) Bitches 22-24 inches (55-60cm.)
Weight: 77-85 pounds (35-40kg.)
Health Problems
Some of the diseases that have been found in this breed are hip and elbow dysplasia (be sure both parents have their hips certified as OFA good); malabsorbtion syndrome; degenerative joint disease (including osteochondritis); megaesophagus; pannus and other forms of eye disease (not commonly seen); bloat; allergies (food, fleas or airborne); other skin or coat problems and missing teeth. Some lines of Whites are having problems with illnesses such as Lupus and/or other forms of autoimmune diseases. At this point in time, autoimmune problems are fairly rare in the breed.
Living Conditions
White Shepherds will do okay in an apartment if sufficiently exercised. They are relatively inactive indoors and do best with at least a large yard.
Exercise
Some kind of daily exercise is very important for this breed. This is a very intelligent breed. Try to put some variety into it so the dog does not get bored. Most shepherds love to play ball or Frisbee. Ten to fifteen minutes of fetching will tire your dog out quite nicely as well as give him a sense of purpose. Whether it is ball chasing, frisbee catching, obedience training, participation in a canine playgroup or just taking long walks, you must be willing to provide some form of daily, constructive exercise.
Life Expectancy
Around 12 years.
Grooming
The White Shepherd is easy to groom. When the dog is shedding they should be brushed and combed every day, otherwise occasional brushing will do. The ears should be checked regularly. The claws should be trimmed short. This breed is a seasonably heavy shedder.
Origin
Originated from the United States, Canada and Europe. It was a direct descendant of the German Shepherd Dog. The White Shepherd has not been mixed with any other breed of dog since its introduction to North America. Certainly, there has been no other breed or breeds added in order to make them white. The gene that controls the white color is a natural component in the total color genetic makeup of the German Shepherd Dog breed. The White Shepherd is registered independently with the American White Shepherd Association in the United States of America.
Group
Herding
Recognition
WGSDCV, FCI, UKC, NKC, AWSA, APRI, WSSDCA
The White Shepherd is registered as a White Shepherd with the American White Shepherd Association (AWSA) and the United Kennel Club (UKC). The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) recognized it as a Berger Blanc Swiss in 2002, which is the same name the White Swiss Shepherd Dog Club of Australia (WSSDCA) uses (in translation). The Swiss recognized the White GSD as a separate breed first, which is why Switzerland was credited as the country of origin and the breed name changed to reflect this.
Most other clubs register it as a German Shepherd Dog (white) calling the white color a disqualifying fault.
American White Shepherd
Description
The American White Shepherd looks almost exactly like a German Shepherd except for the color. It has a stiff, long, or long-haired coat. The long-haired types do not have an undercoat. The color is always white.
Temperament
The White Shepherd is friendly, watchful and loyal. It is very protective of its family in appropriate situations. Can be standoffish or even somewhat suspicious of strangers, but should never be aggressive. They are eager to work and like to be close to their handler. Very intelligent, these dogs are easy to train and learn quickly. White Shepherds can be sensitive almost to the point of timidity. They are usually quite obedient and harsh training methods should not be necessary, nor should they be used with this breed. In this regard, they are very different from many lines of GSD, especially the imports. It is very important that the young dog is socialized well and has lots of positive encounters with many different animals, people, things and situations to help it grow up to be a well-balanced animal. This breed needs his people and should not be left isolated for long periods of time. They generally get along well with other dogs and children. They only bark when it is necessary. They will get along with cats if they are socialized with them as a puppy. These dogs are very vocal. Some are known to hold "conversations" with the dog next door. They make a wide range of sounds and like to use their voices. To be successful pets, these dogs should be trained and socialized from an early age with a firm and loving hand. Coercive or angry training does not succeed well with these dogs. To be truly happy, the German Shepherd needs a task in life.
Height, Weight
Height: 24-26 inches (60-65cm.) Bitches 22-24 inches (55-60cm.)
Weight: 77-85 pounds (35-40kg.)
Health Problems
Some of the diseases that have been found in this breed are hip and elbow dysplasia (be sure both parents have their hips certified as OFA good); malabsorbtion syndrome; degenerative joint disease (including osteochondritis); megaesophagus; pannus and other forms of eye disease (not commonly seen); bloat; allergies (food, fleas or airborne); other skin or coat problems and missing teeth. Some lines of Whites are having problems with illnesses such as Lupus and/or other forms of autoimmune diseases. At this point in time, autoimmune problems are fairly rare in the breed.
Living Conditions
White Shepherds will do okay in an apartment if sufficiently exercised. They are relatively inactive indoors and do best with at least a large yard.
Exercise
Some kind of daily exercise is very important for this breed. This is a very intelligent breed. Try to put some variety into it so the dog does not get bored. Most shepherds love to play ball or Frisbee. Ten to fifteen minutes of fetching will tire your dog out quite nicely as well as give him a sense of purpose. Whether it is ball chasing, frisbee catching, obedience training, participation in a canine playgroup or just taking long walks, you must be willing to provide some form of daily, constructive exercise.
Life Expectancy
Around 12 years.
Grooming
The White Shepherd is easy to groom. When the dog is shedding they should be brushed and combed every day, otherwise occasional brushing will do. The ears should be checked regularly. The claws should be trimmed short. This breed is a seasonably heavy shedder.
Origin
Originated from the United States, Canada and Europe. It was a direct descendant of the German Shepherd Dog. The White Shepherd has not been mixed with any other breed of dog since its introduction to North America. Certainly, there has been no other breed or breeds added in order to make them white. The gene that controls the white color is a natural component in the total color genetic makeup of the German Shepherd Dog breed. The White Shepherd is registered independently with the American White Shepherd Association in the United States of America.
Group
Herding
Recognition
WGSDCV, FCI, UKC, NKC, AWSA, APRI, WSSDCA
The White Shepherd is registered as a White Shepherd with the American White Shepherd Association (AWSA) and the United Kennel Club (UKC). The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) recognized it as a Berger Blanc Swiss in 2002, which is the same name the White Swiss Shepherd Dog Club of Australia (WSSDCA) uses (in translation). The Swiss recognized the White GSD as a separate breed first, which is why Switzerland was credited as the country of origin and the breed name changed to reflect this.
Most other clubs register it as a German Shepherd Dog (white) calling the white color a disqualifying fault.
American Water Spaniel
Pronunciation
American Water Spaniel
Description
The American Water Spaniel is an active, muscular and hardy dog. It has a crisp-textured, tightly curled or wavy outer coat lined with a protective undercoat. Coat colors include liver or chocolate - sometimes with a small white spot on the chest. The skull is broad with a moderate stop. The medium length muzzle is square and smooth. The ears are long and covered with curls and the medium length head is moderately long. The nose is either dark brown or black. The eye color should correspond with the coat color in shades of brown or hazel. The teeth meet in either a level or scissors bite. The feathered tail tapers, hanging with a slight upward curve. The tail is used as a rudder in swimming.
Temperament
The American Water Spaniel is intelligent and very trainable. It is eager to learn and very enthusiastic about it's work. It is used above all for hunting quail, duck, pheasant, grouse, and rabbit. It also makes a good guard dog and companion. Friendly, energetic, confident persistent and obedient. . The American Water Spaniel is a pleasant , willing dog that is highly sensitive, so obedience training should be calm, quiet, and persuasive, rather then demanding or sharp. He is easy going, loving companion that is usually excellent with children, but he could snap defensively if startled or harshly disciplined. Heavy-handed training methods are not necessary with this willing spaniel. Socialize this breed well at an early age to avoid timidity and potential dog aggressiveness as an adult. They usually get along with non-canine pets. It loves attention, but can entertain itself. Some snore and some bark and whine quite a bit. It is an enthusiastic swimmer and makes a wonderful hunter in difficult waters, in the woods and over uneven terrain. This breed likes to roam. Some may drool.
Height, Weight
Height: 15-18 inches (36-46 cm.)
Weight: 25-45 pounds (11-20 kg.)
Health Problems
Some lines are prone to skin problems.
Living Conditions
American Water Spaniels will do okay in an apartment as long as they get enough exercise. They are moderately active indoors and will do best with at least an average-sized yard.
Exercise
The American Water Spaniel should have a lot of physical exercise.
Life Expectancy
About 12-15 years
Litter Size
Average of 4 - 6 puppies
Grooming
The oily coat of the American Water Spaniel needs a through brushing twice a week. Bathe only when necessary as bathing removes the natural oils in the coat and can dry out the skin. The coat may have a strong smell due to the oil. This breed is a light shedder.
Origin
The exact knowledge regarding the origin of this breed does not exist, but since the 18th century, the American Water Spaniel has been an all-around farm and hunting dog in the Midwestern United States, particularly in Wisconsin and Minnesota. The breed was probably developed from the Curly-Coated Retriever and Irish Water Spaniel - with possible additions of other early spaniels. The American Water Spaniel is an outstanding bird dog in swamps, woods, lakes and rivers. He has a gentle mouth and a fine nose and works well both flushing game and retrieving. He can even point out squirrels in trees by barking. The American Water Spaniel excels in swimming even in turbulent waters. Though he is the state dog of Wisconsin, the American Water Spaniel is still quite rare in the United States. Only about 270 were registered with the AKC in 1990, however since the American Water Spaniel is primarily a hunting dog rather than a show dog, owners often do not bother to officially register them, therefore there is probably many more born than registered. The American Water Spaniel makes a fine family companion.
Group
Gun Dog
Recognition
FCI, AKC, UKC, CKC, NKC, CKC, AWSC, APRI, ACR
American Water Spaniel
Description
The American Water Spaniel is an active, muscular and hardy dog. It has a crisp-textured, tightly curled or wavy outer coat lined with a protective undercoat. Coat colors include liver or chocolate - sometimes with a small white spot on the chest. The skull is broad with a moderate stop. The medium length muzzle is square and smooth. The ears are long and covered with curls and the medium length head is moderately long. The nose is either dark brown or black. The eye color should correspond with the coat color in shades of brown or hazel. The teeth meet in either a level or scissors bite. The feathered tail tapers, hanging with a slight upward curve. The tail is used as a rudder in swimming.
Temperament
The American Water Spaniel is intelligent and very trainable. It is eager to learn and very enthusiastic about it's work. It is used above all for hunting quail, duck, pheasant, grouse, and rabbit. It also makes a good guard dog and companion. Friendly, energetic, confident persistent and obedient. . The American Water Spaniel is a pleasant , willing dog that is highly sensitive, so obedience training should be calm, quiet, and persuasive, rather then demanding or sharp. He is easy going, loving companion that is usually excellent with children, but he could snap defensively if startled or harshly disciplined. Heavy-handed training methods are not necessary with this willing spaniel. Socialize this breed well at an early age to avoid timidity and potential dog aggressiveness as an adult. They usually get along with non-canine pets. It loves attention, but can entertain itself. Some snore and some bark and whine quite a bit. It is an enthusiastic swimmer and makes a wonderful hunter in difficult waters, in the woods and over uneven terrain. This breed likes to roam. Some may drool.
Height, Weight
Height: 15-18 inches (36-46 cm.)
Weight: 25-45 pounds (11-20 kg.)
Health Problems
Some lines are prone to skin problems.
Living Conditions
American Water Spaniels will do okay in an apartment as long as they get enough exercise. They are moderately active indoors and will do best with at least an average-sized yard.
Exercise
The American Water Spaniel should have a lot of physical exercise.
Life Expectancy
About 12-15 years
Litter Size
Average of 4 - 6 puppies
Grooming
The oily coat of the American Water Spaniel needs a through brushing twice a week. Bathe only when necessary as bathing removes the natural oils in the coat and can dry out the skin. The coat may have a strong smell due to the oil. This breed is a light shedder.
Origin
The exact knowledge regarding the origin of this breed does not exist, but since the 18th century, the American Water Spaniel has been an all-around farm and hunting dog in the Midwestern United States, particularly in Wisconsin and Minnesota. The breed was probably developed from the Curly-Coated Retriever and Irish Water Spaniel - with possible additions of other early spaniels. The American Water Spaniel is an outstanding bird dog in swamps, woods, lakes and rivers. He has a gentle mouth and a fine nose and works well both flushing game and retrieving. He can even point out squirrels in trees by barking. The American Water Spaniel excels in swimming even in turbulent waters. Though he is the state dog of Wisconsin, the American Water Spaniel is still quite rare in the United States. Only about 270 were registered with the AKC in 1990, however since the American Water Spaniel is primarily a hunting dog rather than a show dog, owners often do not bother to officially register them, therefore there is probably many more born than registered. The American Water Spaniel makes a fine family companion.
Group
Gun Dog
Recognition
FCI, AKC, UKC, CKC, NKC, CKC, AWSC, APRI, ACR
American Staffordshire Terrier
Pronunciation
American Staffordshire Terrier
Description
The American Staffordshire is a very muscular, stocky, yet agile dog, and is extremely strong for his size. He has a broad, powerful head, short muzzle, and very strong jaws. The ears are generally cropped, though this is optional. The eyes are round and black. The teeth should form a scissors bite. Its coat is made up of thick, short, shiny hair. All colors are admissible, but dogs must not be more than 80% white. The tail tapers to a point. The ears are erect and docked slightly. Classed by AKC as "American Staffordshire Terrier" and by UKC as "American Pit Bull Terrier." The American Staffordshire Terrier, are generally of larger bone structure, head size and weight then their cousins the American Pit Bull Terrier.
Temperament
The American Staffordshire Terrier is a happy, outgoing, stable, and confident dog. Gentle and loving towards people. Good-natured, amusing, extremely loyal and affectionate family pet. It is good with children and adults. Almost always obedient, this dog wants nothing more then to please its master. It is an extremely courageous and intelligent guard dog that is very full of life. Over the past 50 years, careful breeding has produced this friendly, trustworthy, dog who is an especially good dog for children. Courageous and a persistent fighter if provoked. Highly protective of his owners and the owner's property, it will fight an enemy to the death if the enemy traps the dog in a corner and threatens its loved ones. This breed has a very high tolerance for pain. Some un-socialized Staffs may be dog aggressive. Socialize very thoroughly when young to curve any dog aggressive tendencies. This breed can be difficult to housebreak. It has given outstanding results as a guardian of property, but is at the same time esteemed as a companion dog. When properly trained and socialized, the Staff makes a great family companion. This breed is not for the passive owner who does not understand that all dogs have an instinct to have a pack order. Read Top Dog
Height, Weight
Height: Dogs 17-19 inches (43-48cm) Bitches 16-18 inches (41-46cm)
Weight: 57-67 pounds (25-30 kg)
Health Problems
A generally healthy breed. Some are prone to hip dysplasia, hereditary cataracts and congenital heart disease.
Living Conditions
Staffordshire Terriers will do okay in an apartment if it is sufficiently exercised. It is very active indoors and will do alright without a yard. This breed prefers warm climates.
Exercise
American Staffordshire Terriers must have plenty of regular exercise, but keep them leashed in public to avoid fights with other dogs.
Life Expectancy
About 9-15 years
Litter Size
Average of 5 - 10 Puppies
Grooming
The smooth, short-haired coat is easy to groom. Brush on a regular basis with a firm bristle brush, and bathe or dry shampoo as necessary. A rub with a piece of toweling or chamois will make the coat gleam. This breed is an average shedder.
Origin
In the nineteenth century in the English region of Staffordshire, crossing among the Bulldog and various terriers developed the muscular, active, combative Staffordshire Bullterrier. Brought to the United States, the breed was preferred by American breeders who increased its weight and gave it a more powerful head. Now recognized as a separate breed, the American Staffordshire is larger and heavier than his British cousin, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier. After dog fighting was banned in the United States in 1900, two strains of these dogs were developed, a show strain and a fighting dog strain. The show strain was labeled the American Staffordshire, while the fighting dog strain was labeled the American Pit Bull Terrier. The two are now being recognized as separate breeds. Today the American Pit Bull Terrier is being bred with the same gentle qualities as the American Staffordshire Terrier. They both make great pets with the right kind of owner. Some of the American Staffordshire Terriers talents are watchdog, guarding, police work, weight pulling and agility.
Group
Mastiff, AKC Terrier
Recognition
FCI, AKC, CKC, NKC, NZKC, CKC, APBR, ANKC, APRI, ACR
American Staffordshire Terrier
Description
The American Staffordshire is a very muscular, stocky, yet agile dog, and is extremely strong for his size. He has a broad, powerful head, short muzzle, and very strong jaws. The ears are generally cropped, though this is optional. The eyes are round and black. The teeth should form a scissors bite. Its coat is made up of thick, short, shiny hair. All colors are admissible, but dogs must not be more than 80% white. The tail tapers to a point. The ears are erect and docked slightly. Classed by AKC as "American Staffordshire Terrier" and by UKC as "American Pit Bull Terrier." The American Staffordshire Terrier, are generally of larger bone structure, head size and weight then their cousins the American Pit Bull Terrier.
Temperament
The American Staffordshire Terrier is a happy, outgoing, stable, and confident dog. Gentle and loving towards people. Good-natured, amusing, extremely loyal and affectionate family pet. It is good with children and adults. Almost always obedient, this dog wants nothing more then to please its master. It is an extremely courageous and intelligent guard dog that is very full of life. Over the past 50 years, careful breeding has produced this friendly, trustworthy, dog who is an especially good dog for children. Courageous and a persistent fighter if provoked. Highly protective of his owners and the owner's property, it will fight an enemy to the death if the enemy traps the dog in a corner and threatens its loved ones. This breed has a very high tolerance for pain. Some un-socialized Staffs may be dog aggressive. Socialize very thoroughly when young to curve any dog aggressive tendencies. This breed can be difficult to housebreak. It has given outstanding results as a guardian of property, but is at the same time esteemed as a companion dog. When properly trained and socialized, the Staff makes a great family companion. This breed is not for the passive owner who does not understand that all dogs have an instinct to have a pack order. Read Top Dog
Height, Weight
Height: Dogs 17-19 inches (43-48cm) Bitches 16-18 inches (41-46cm)
Weight: 57-67 pounds (25-30 kg)
Health Problems
A generally healthy breed. Some are prone to hip dysplasia, hereditary cataracts and congenital heart disease.
Living Conditions
Staffordshire Terriers will do okay in an apartment if it is sufficiently exercised. It is very active indoors and will do alright without a yard. This breed prefers warm climates.
Exercise
American Staffordshire Terriers must have plenty of regular exercise, but keep them leashed in public to avoid fights with other dogs.
Life Expectancy
About 9-15 years
Litter Size
Average of 5 - 10 Puppies
Grooming
The smooth, short-haired coat is easy to groom. Brush on a regular basis with a firm bristle brush, and bathe or dry shampoo as necessary. A rub with a piece of toweling or chamois will make the coat gleam. This breed is an average shedder.
Origin
In the nineteenth century in the English region of Staffordshire, crossing among the Bulldog and various terriers developed the muscular, active, combative Staffordshire Bullterrier. Brought to the United States, the breed was preferred by American breeders who increased its weight and gave it a more powerful head. Now recognized as a separate breed, the American Staffordshire is larger and heavier than his British cousin, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier. After dog fighting was banned in the United States in 1900, two strains of these dogs were developed, a show strain and a fighting dog strain. The show strain was labeled the American Staffordshire, while the fighting dog strain was labeled the American Pit Bull Terrier. The two are now being recognized as separate breeds. Today the American Pit Bull Terrier is being bred with the same gentle qualities as the American Staffordshire Terrier. They both make great pets with the right kind of owner. Some of the American Staffordshire Terriers talents are watchdog, guarding, police work, weight pulling and agility.
Group
Mastiff, AKC Terrier
Recognition
FCI, AKC, CKC, NKC, NZKC, CKC, APBR, ANKC, APRI, ACR
American Pit Bull Terrier
Pronunciation
Pit Bull Terrier
Description
The Pit Bull immediately strikes one as being a dog of power, passion, and undying willingness. The brick-like head, which is especially broad between the cheeks (to house the powerful jaws), is carried upon a thickly muscled, well-defined neck. The neck runs into a deep, thick, well-sprung chest. The American Pit Bull is a very muscular, stocky, yet agile dog which is extremely strong for his size. The ears are generally cropped, though this is optional. Docked tails are not accepted by the UKC or the ADBA. The eyes are round, and any color is acceptable. The teeth should form a scissors bite. Its coat is made up of thick, short, shiny hair. All colors are admissible. The tail tapers to a point.
Temperament
That sly smile, those determined eyes, that unwaning pleasure to please... the mere quality and characteristics of the APBT have evoked more human emotional, rational, and irrational response than any other breed that exists today. By no means are these dogs people-haters or people-eaters. Their natural aggressive tendencies are toward other dogs and animals, not people. However if they are properly socialized they will not even be aggressive with them. These are truly quality companions for quality owners only! The American Pit Bull Terrier is a good-natured, amusing, extremely loyal and affectionate family pet, which is good with children and adults. Almost always obedient, it is always eager to please its master. It is an extremely courageous and intelligent guard dog that is very full of vitality. Highly protective of his owners and the owner's property, it will fight an enemy to the death. It is usually very friendly, but has an uncanny ability to know when it needs to protect and when everything is okay. The American Pit Bull Terrier can be willful and needs a firm hand. They are generally okay with other pets if they are raised with them from puppy hood. For the most part they are very friendly, but not recommended for most people. Excellent with children in the family, they have a high pain tolerance and will happily put up with rough child play. As with any breed, they should not be left alone with unfamiliar children. Originally used as fighting dogs, the powerful American Pit Bull may go for the throat of strange dogs. A minimum of training will produce a tranquil, obedient dog. Socialize very thoroughly when young to combat aggressive tendencies and be sure to keep the dog under control when other dogs are present. It has given outstanding results as a guardian of property, but is at the same time esteemed as a companion dog. When properly trained and socialized, this is a very good dog and a great family companion. Unfortunately, some choose to promote the fighting instinct in the breed, giving it a bad name.
Height, weight
Height: 18-22 inches (46-56 cm)
Weight: 22 -110 pounds (10-50 kg)
Please Note: The APBT ranges in size from 22 pounds to 110 pounds (rare), with the most common being between 35 - 55 pounds (16-25 kg.), in fact the original APBT's were between 20 - 40 pounds (9-18 kg.) and were bred small for their main purpose, fighting, These dogs are varying from small to extra large. A very common misconception is that APBT's are muscle bound (viscous) hulks that weigh in around 85 pounds (39 kg.) and this is generally not the majority, Most of the APBT's that Are that large have been crossed with another breeds.
Health Problems
A generally healthy breed, although some are prone to hip dysplasia, hereditary cataracts, allergies to grass and congenital heart disease.
Living Conditions
Pits will do okay in an apartment if it is sufficiently exercised. They are very active indoors and will do alright without a yard provided they get enough exercise. Prefers warm climates.
Exercise
American Pit Bull Terriers must have plenty of regular exercise, but keep them leashed in public to avoid fights with other dogs.
Life Expectancy
About 12 years
Litter Size
Average of 5 - 10 puppies
Grooming
The smooth, short-haired coat is easy to groom. Brush regularly with a firm bristle brush, and bathe or dry shampoo as necessary. A rub with a piece of toweling or chamois will make the coat gleam. This breed is an average shedder.
Origin
Developed from the Bull and Terrier types of yesteryear, the American Pit Bull Terrier comes from an indisputable history of pit-fighting. The breed's tenacity and accompanying strength are unmatched in the canine world. As rich and captivating as the breed's history is, the Pit Bull's future is more worthy of commentary. Some proponents of the breed argue that this breed is the original bulldog of the past. Old prints and woodcarvings show reason to believe this. They show dogs that look exactly like the breed today, doing things the dog is still capable of doing. For more information on this theory you can read books by Richard F Stratton. The APBT, as registered by the UKC, is an individual breed of dog and does not refer to just any ill-bred, mindless warrior-type mongrel. At one time, the Pit Bull was a much loved, trustworthy companion. People who chose to train these dogs to fight are chiefly responsible for the banning and witch-hunting that has been sweeping the U.S. The media, however, should not go unmentioned, for it is also responsible for escalating isolated incidences in a relentless and attention-getting way. In a lot of cases when the media is reporting about a Pit Bull attacking, it is indeed not even a Pit Bull at all, but a mixed breed of some sort, or another bull breed all together. In fact, one time there was a report on KYW news in Philadelphia about two Pit Bulls attacking a person. I called the news station and asked if they knew the dogs were in fact a purebred American Pit Bull Terriers, or another bull breed of some sort, or a mutt for that matter. They told me they did not know, I would have to call the police station to verify that information. I asked them how they could report something that they were not sure of. They had no answer for me and they were not sure of the dog's breed. Even after admitting that to me on the phone, they kept calling it a Pit Bull. The Pit Bull's future has been perhaps irreparably undone and everyone is to blame except the dog itself. This very loyal dog is too set on pleasing his owner, and ironically this is the root of his own undoing. Accompanying this need to please are remarkable abilities of all kinds. Jack Dempsy, Teddy Roosevelt and Jack Johnson are just a few people who have owned Pit Bulls. Pit Bulls excel in practically every canine task including herding, guarding, hunting, policing, cart pulling and ratting. A Pit Bull, named Banddog Dread, holds more canine working titles than ANY other breed. The owner's name is Diane Jessup and you can reference her book, "The Working Pit Bull." It tells you all of Dread's accomplishments. These dogs are truly capable of many tasks. The difference between Pits and American Staffordshire Terriers is a difficult one. Even breeders can't agree. The main difference is the bloodline. Amstaffs are show dogs and dog fighters won't use dogs with Amstaff blood. As time progresses there will be more of a difference. Many are duel registered as Amstaffs with the AKC and Pits with the UKC.
Group
Mastiff
Recognition
UKC, NKC, ADBA, CKC, APBR, APRI, ACR
Pit Bull Terrier
Description
The Pit Bull immediately strikes one as being a dog of power, passion, and undying willingness. The brick-like head, which is especially broad between the cheeks (to house the powerful jaws), is carried upon a thickly muscled, well-defined neck. The neck runs into a deep, thick, well-sprung chest. The American Pit Bull is a very muscular, stocky, yet agile dog which is extremely strong for his size. The ears are generally cropped, though this is optional. Docked tails are not accepted by the UKC or the ADBA. The eyes are round, and any color is acceptable. The teeth should form a scissors bite. Its coat is made up of thick, short, shiny hair. All colors are admissible. The tail tapers to a point.
Temperament
That sly smile, those determined eyes, that unwaning pleasure to please... the mere quality and characteristics of the APBT have evoked more human emotional, rational, and irrational response than any other breed that exists today. By no means are these dogs people-haters or people-eaters. Their natural aggressive tendencies are toward other dogs and animals, not people. However if they are properly socialized they will not even be aggressive with them. These are truly quality companions for quality owners only! The American Pit Bull Terrier is a good-natured, amusing, extremely loyal and affectionate family pet, which is good with children and adults. Almost always obedient, it is always eager to please its master. It is an extremely courageous and intelligent guard dog that is very full of vitality. Highly protective of his owners and the owner's property, it will fight an enemy to the death. It is usually very friendly, but has an uncanny ability to know when it needs to protect and when everything is okay. The American Pit Bull Terrier can be willful and needs a firm hand. They are generally okay with other pets if they are raised with them from puppy hood. For the most part they are very friendly, but not recommended for most people. Excellent with children in the family, they have a high pain tolerance and will happily put up with rough child play. As with any breed, they should not be left alone with unfamiliar children. Originally used as fighting dogs, the powerful American Pit Bull may go for the throat of strange dogs. A minimum of training will produce a tranquil, obedient dog. Socialize very thoroughly when young to combat aggressive tendencies and be sure to keep the dog under control when other dogs are present. It has given outstanding results as a guardian of property, but is at the same time esteemed as a companion dog. When properly trained and socialized, this is a very good dog and a great family companion. Unfortunately, some choose to promote the fighting instinct in the breed, giving it a bad name.
Height, weight
Height: 18-22 inches (46-56 cm)
Weight: 22 -110 pounds (10-50 kg)
Please Note: The APBT ranges in size from 22 pounds to 110 pounds (rare), with the most common being between 35 - 55 pounds (16-25 kg.), in fact the original APBT's were between 20 - 40 pounds (9-18 kg.) and were bred small for their main purpose, fighting, These dogs are varying from small to extra large. A very common misconception is that APBT's are muscle bound (viscous) hulks that weigh in around 85 pounds (39 kg.) and this is generally not the majority, Most of the APBT's that Are that large have been crossed with another breeds.
Health Problems
A generally healthy breed, although some are prone to hip dysplasia, hereditary cataracts, allergies to grass and congenital heart disease.
Living Conditions
Pits will do okay in an apartment if it is sufficiently exercised. They are very active indoors and will do alright without a yard provided they get enough exercise. Prefers warm climates.
Exercise
American Pit Bull Terriers must have plenty of regular exercise, but keep them leashed in public to avoid fights with other dogs.
Life Expectancy
About 12 years
Litter Size
Average of 5 - 10 puppies
Grooming
The smooth, short-haired coat is easy to groom. Brush regularly with a firm bristle brush, and bathe or dry shampoo as necessary. A rub with a piece of toweling or chamois will make the coat gleam. This breed is an average shedder.
Origin
Developed from the Bull and Terrier types of yesteryear, the American Pit Bull Terrier comes from an indisputable history of pit-fighting. The breed's tenacity and accompanying strength are unmatched in the canine world. As rich and captivating as the breed's history is, the Pit Bull's future is more worthy of commentary. Some proponents of the breed argue that this breed is the original bulldog of the past. Old prints and woodcarvings show reason to believe this. They show dogs that look exactly like the breed today, doing things the dog is still capable of doing. For more information on this theory you can read books by Richard F Stratton. The APBT, as registered by the UKC, is an individual breed of dog and does not refer to just any ill-bred, mindless warrior-type mongrel. At one time, the Pit Bull was a much loved, trustworthy companion. People who chose to train these dogs to fight are chiefly responsible for the banning and witch-hunting that has been sweeping the U.S. The media, however, should not go unmentioned, for it is also responsible for escalating isolated incidences in a relentless and attention-getting way. In a lot of cases when the media is reporting about a Pit Bull attacking, it is indeed not even a Pit Bull at all, but a mixed breed of some sort, or another bull breed all together. In fact, one time there was a report on KYW news in Philadelphia about two Pit Bulls attacking a person. I called the news station and asked if they knew the dogs were in fact a purebred American Pit Bull Terriers, or another bull breed of some sort, or a mutt for that matter. They told me they did not know, I would have to call the police station to verify that information. I asked them how they could report something that they were not sure of. They had no answer for me and they were not sure of the dog's breed. Even after admitting that to me on the phone, they kept calling it a Pit Bull. The Pit Bull's future has been perhaps irreparably undone and everyone is to blame except the dog itself. This very loyal dog is too set on pleasing his owner, and ironically this is the root of his own undoing. Accompanying this need to please are remarkable abilities of all kinds. Jack Dempsy, Teddy Roosevelt and Jack Johnson are just a few people who have owned Pit Bulls. Pit Bulls excel in practically every canine task including herding, guarding, hunting, policing, cart pulling and ratting. A Pit Bull, named Banddog Dread, holds more canine working titles than ANY other breed. The owner's name is Diane Jessup and you can reference her book, "The Working Pit Bull." It tells you all of Dread's accomplishments. These dogs are truly capable of many tasks. The difference between Pits and American Staffordshire Terriers is a difficult one. Even breeders can't agree. The main difference is the bloodline. Amstaffs are show dogs and dog fighters won't use dogs with Amstaff blood. As time progresses there will be more of a difference. Many are duel registered as Amstaffs with the AKC and Pits with the UKC.
Group
Mastiff
Recognition
UKC, NKC, ADBA, CKC, APBR, APRI, ACR
American Mastiff Panja
Pronunciation
American Mastiff
Description
The American Mastiff (Panja) has a curious and alert expression. The small eyes are wide set and almond shaped, with a classic broad 60/40 head, widest at the ears. They have a scissor bite. The American Mastiff (Panja) should be "dry mouthed" and flews should not protrude. Ear crop is short, but NOT the "fighting" crop; natural ears are okay as long as they are the "button" style. (This type of ear stands on it's own; just the top 1/4 to 1/3 is turned down towards the FRONT ONLY.) American Mastiffs (Panja) are a true working dog with the muscular body of an athlete. Wide chest with well sprung ribs, slight tuck-up in the mid-section. Front legs must be straight and heavy-boned, with very muscular hind quarters, with slightly angled hocks giving the impression of instant action. Dew claws are removed. The dogs must have a clean presentation. The tail dock is 2/3 off.
Temperament
The American Mastiff (Panja) has an easy going "let me sleep on the couch" attitude. They are very devoted to their families and are excellent with children when they are raised with them from puppyhood. The American Mastiff (Panja) will take on the responsibility of watching over everything in your home, including the cat; they think everything has to be protected. Obedience training is strongly recommended to channel their protective instincts. They are an active breed and love to play. As with most intelligent dogs, the American Mastiffs (Panja) tend to get bored very easily and can be prone to chewing. They love to be around their people; and proper socialization, they are excellent travel buddies. Mention the word "car" and they go bananas! The most impressive thing about these dogs is their guarding habits; they know when your guests are welcome in your home, and treat them as family. One owner states, "If I'm not home my dogs won't even let my parents in my home. No one gets past the check point!" These dogs require a firm handler. If you have very little experience with guard dogs then this is not the breed to start with. American Mastiffs (Panja) are strong-willed and want to be the alpha; that is what makes a great guard dog. They need an owner who knows how to show strong leadership. Any one considering this breed would have to have experience with other large dominant breeds.
Height, Weight
Height: 22-26 inches (56-66 cm.)
Weight: 80-100 pounds (36-45 kg.)
Health Problems
There are no major concerns, although most larger breeds are prone to hip dysplasia. This has not been a concern for this breed, but it is well worth keeping informed on.
Living Conditions
The American Mastiff (Panja) will do okay in an apartment if they are sufficiently exercised. This happy couch potato does best living close to the family; to feel part of your family keeps them happiest. They do not like to be left alone, and some may become very destructive while their owner are gone. Keeping them in a crate while their owners are away is recommended by some breeders. They are suited for all climates, provided there is shelter from rain, snow, etc.
Exercise
The American Mastiff (Panja) needs a yard, even if it's a smaller lot. They are athletic, so a good walk once a day will do. They love to run; if they are kept in a smaller yard, a trip to the park will be a special treat.
Life Expectancy
About 10-12 years.
Grooming
The American Mastiff (Panja) has a medium, flat coat. They do grow an undercoat in the winter; daily brushing will keep the stray hairs under control in the shedding season. However, shedding for this breed is minimal. American Mastiffs (Panja) do not require special attention to any areas for grooming; just a good bath and rub-down once a month will keep your American Mastiff's (Panja) coat in top condition.
Origin
The American Mastiff (Panja) has a dark origin. Originally they were used (and unfortunately some still are) to guard drug dealer's houses, property, and yes their drugs. They had to be intimidating and not too "friendly" with strangers, but allow traffic. They have a tendency to be aloof with new people, but allow entrance. The American Mastiffs (Panja) were trained to allow under no circumstances access to property; they were set to guard. The breed first appeared in the Detroit Metro area as a cross breed of several dogs. Pitbulls and Rottweilers are known influences of this breed. Before being registered with the DRA in 1996, they were simply known as "rock dogs". However, since the DRA has recognized them, a good number of these dogs are not drug-guarding dogs, but loving pets.
Group
Working
Recognition
DRA
American Mastiff
Description
The American Mastiff (Panja) has a curious and alert expression. The small eyes are wide set and almond shaped, with a classic broad 60/40 head, widest at the ears. They have a scissor bite. The American Mastiff (Panja) should be "dry mouthed" and flews should not protrude. Ear crop is short, but NOT the "fighting" crop; natural ears are okay as long as they are the "button" style. (This type of ear stands on it's own; just the top 1/4 to 1/3 is turned down towards the FRONT ONLY.) American Mastiffs (Panja) are a true working dog with the muscular body of an athlete. Wide chest with well sprung ribs, slight tuck-up in the mid-section. Front legs must be straight and heavy-boned, with very muscular hind quarters, with slightly angled hocks giving the impression of instant action. Dew claws are removed. The dogs must have a clean presentation. The tail dock is 2/3 off.
Temperament
The American Mastiff (Panja) has an easy going "let me sleep on the couch" attitude. They are very devoted to their families and are excellent with children when they are raised with them from puppyhood. The American Mastiff (Panja) will take on the responsibility of watching over everything in your home, including the cat; they think everything has to be protected. Obedience training is strongly recommended to channel their protective instincts. They are an active breed and love to play. As with most intelligent dogs, the American Mastiffs (Panja) tend to get bored very easily and can be prone to chewing. They love to be around their people; and proper socialization, they are excellent travel buddies. Mention the word "car" and they go bananas! The most impressive thing about these dogs is their guarding habits; they know when your guests are welcome in your home, and treat them as family. One owner states, "If I'm not home my dogs won't even let my parents in my home. No one gets past the check point!" These dogs require a firm handler. If you have very little experience with guard dogs then this is not the breed to start with. American Mastiffs (Panja) are strong-willed and want to be the alpha; that is what makes a great guard dog. They need an owner who knows how to show strong leadership. Any one considering this breed would have to have experience with other large dominant breeds.
Height, Weight
Height: 22-26 inches (56-66 cm.)
Weight: 80-100 pounds (36-45 kg.)
Health Problems
There are no major concerns, although most larger breeds are prone to hip dysplasia. This has not been a concern for this breed, but it is well worth keeping informed on.
Living Conditions
The American Mastiff (Panja) will do okay in an apartment if they are sufficiently exercised. This happy couch potato does best living close to the family; to feel part of your family keeps them happiest. They do not like to be left alone, and some may become very destructive while their owner are gone. Keeping them in a crate while their owners are away is recommended by some breeders. They are suited for all climates, provided there is shelter from rain, snow, etc.
Exercise
The American Mastiff (Panja) needs a yard, even if it's a smaller lot. They are athletic, so a good walk once a day will do. They love to run; if they are kept in a smaller yard, a trip to the park will be a special treat.
Life Expectancy
About 10-12 years.
Grooming
The American Mastiff (Panja) has a medium, flat coat. They do grow an undercoat in the winter; daily brushing will keep the stray hairs under control in the shedding season. However, shedding for this breed is minimal. American Mastiffs (Panja) do not require special attention to any areas for grooming; just a good bath and rub-down once a month will keep your American Mastiff's (Panja) coat in top condition.
Origin
The American Mastiff (Panja) has a dark origin. Originally they were used (and unfortunately some still are) to guard drug dealer's houses, property, and yes their drugs. They had to be intimidating and not too "friendly" with strangers, but allow traffic. They have a tendency to be aloof with new people, but allow entrance. The American Mastiffs (Panja) were trained to allow under no circumstances access to property; they were set to guard. The breed first appeared in the Detroit Metro area as a cross breed of several dogs. Pitbulls and Rottweilers are known influences of this breed. Before being registered with the DRA in 1996, they were simply known as "rock dogs". However, since the DRA has recognized them, a good number of these dogs are not drug-guarding dogs, but loving pets.
Group
Working
Recognition
DRA
American Mastiff
Pronunciation
American Mastiff
Description
The American Mastiff is drymouthed. The drymouthness is due to the outcross of Anatolian which occurred early in the development of the breed. It is a large, massive, and powerful dog. The head is wide, heavy and rectangular in shape. The eyes are amber in color. Darker the better. The ears are rounded and set high on head. The muzzle is medium size and well proportioned to head. The nose is black. It has a scissor bite: . The neck is powerful, and slightly arched. The chest is deep, broad and well-rounded, descending to the level of elbows. The ribs are well-sprung and extend well back. The back is straight, muscular and powerful, with well muscled and slightly arched loins. The forelegs are strong, straight and set well apart. The hind legs are wide and parallel. The feet are round and compact, with arched toes and black nails. The tail is long, reaching the hocks. This dog is strong and driving, yet very agile. Puppies are all born dark, and lighten as they grow older, some becoming very light fawn by age one year; some retain dark hairs. It is possible to have a small white patch on the foot, chest, or chin.
STANDARD: Head: Wide, heavy and rectangular in shape. Eyes: Amber in color. Darker the better. Ears: Rounded and set high on head. Muzzle: Medium size and well proportioned to head. Nose: Black. Bite: Scissor. Neck: Powerful, and slightly arched. Chest: Deep, broad and well-rounded, descending to the level of elbows. Ribs are well-sprung and extend well back. Body: Back is straight, muscular and powerful, with well muscled and slightly arched loins. Legs: Forelegs are strong, straight and set well apart. Hind legs are wide and parallel. Feet: Round and compact, with arched toes and black nails. Tail: Long, reaching the hocks. Movement: Strong and driving, yet very agile. Temperament: Dignity rather than gaiety; quiet, calm, loving and loyal. Protective, but not aggressive.
Temperament
The American Mastiff love children and are totally devoted to their families. Dignity rather than gaiety; quiet, calm, loving and loyal. Protective, but not aggressive; they are non-aggressive except in those instances when their family, especially the children, are threatened. In those instances they become fierce and courageous guard dogs. They are wise, kind and gentle, patient and understanding, very loving with their own people, neither shy nor vicious, loyal, and devoted. It is exactly like the English Mastiff in looks, size, disposition; the only difference is the American Mastiff has a much dryer mouth than the English Mastiff.
Height, Weight
Height: 28-35 inches (65-89 cm.)
Weight: Males 160 to over 200 pounds (72-90 kg.) Females 140-180 pounds (63-81 kg.)
Health Problems
-
Living Conditions
American Mastiffs will do okay in an apartment if it is sufficiently exercised. They are relatively inactive indoors and a small yard will do.
Exercise
Mastiffs are inclined to be lazy but they will keep fitter and happier if given regular exercise. They should always be leashed in public.
Life Expectancy
About 10-12 years.
Grooming
The smooth, short-haired coat is easy to groom. Brush with a firm bristle brush and wipe over with a piece of toweling or chamois for a gleaming finish. Bathe or dry shampoo when necessary. This breed is an average shedder.
Origin
Developed by Fredericka Wagner of Piketon, OH at Flying W Farms by crossing the English Mastiff with a dog that was said to be an Anatolian Mastiff or Anatolian Shepherd. The resulting puppies had a firm tight lower lip line and did not drool; selective breeding thereafter kept the dry mouth.
Group
Mastiff
Recognition
CKC
American Mastiff
Description
The American Mastiff is drymouthed. The drymouthness is due to the outcross of Anatolian which occurred early in the development of the breed. It is a large, massive, and powerful dog. The head is wide, heavy and rectangular in shape. The eyes are amber in color. Darker the better. The ears are rounded and set high on head. The muzzle is medium size and well proportioned to head. The nose is black. It has a scissor bite: . The neck is powerful, and slightly arched. The chest is deep, broad and well-rounded, descending to the level of elbows. The ribs are well-sprung and extend well back. The back is straight, muscular and powerful, with well muscled and slightly arched loins. The forelegs are strong, straight and set well apart. The hind legs are wide and parallel. The feet are round and compact, with arched toes and black nails. The tail is long, reaching the hocks. This dog is strong and driving, yet very agile. Puppies are all born dark, and lighten as they grow older, some becoming very light fawn by age one year; some retain dark hairs. It is possible to have a small white patch on the foot, chest, or chin.
STANDARD: Head: Wide, heavy and rectangular in shape. Eyes: Amber in color. Darker the better. Ears: Rounded and set high on head. Muzzle: Medium size and well proportioned to head. Nose: Black. Bite: Scissor. Neck: Powerful, and slightly arched. Chest: Deep, broad and well-rounded, descending to the level of elbows. Ribs are well-sprung and extend well back. Body: Back is straight, muscular and powerful, with well muscled and slightly arched loins. Legs: Forelegs are strong, straight and set well apart. Hind legs are wide and parallel. Feet: Round and compact, with arched toes and black nails. Tail: Long, reaching the hocks. Movement: Strong and driving, yet very agile. Temperament: Dignity rather than gaiety; quiet, calm, loving and loyal. Protective, but not aggressive.
Temperament
The American Mastiff love children and are totally devoted to their families. Dignity rather than gaiety; quiet, calm, loving and loyal. Protective, but not aggressive; they are non-aggressive except in those instances when their family, especially the children, are threatened. In those instances they become fierce and courageous guard dogs. They are wise, kind and gentle, patient and understanding, very loving with their own people, neither shy nor vicious, loyal, and devoted. It is exactly like the English Mastiff in looks, size, disposition; the only difference is the American Mastiff has a much dryer mouth than the English Mastiff.
Height, Weight
Height: 28-35 inches (65-89 cm.)
Weight: Males 160 to over 200 pounds (72-90 kg.) Females 140-180 pounds (63-81 kg.)
Health Problems
-
Living Conditions
American Mastiffs will do okay in an apartment if it is sufficiently exercised. They are relatively inactive indoors and a small yard will do.
Exercise
Mastiffs are inclined to be lazy but they will keep fitter and happier if given regular exercise. They should always be leashed in public.
Life Expectancy
About 10-12 years.
Grooming
The smooth, short-haired coat is easy to groom. Brush with a firm bristle brush and wipe over with a piece of toweling or chamois for a gleaming finish. Bathe or dry shampoo when necessary. This breed is an average shedder.
Origin
Developed by Fredericka Wagner of Piketon, OH at Flying W Farms by crossing the English Mastiff with a dog that was said to be an Anatolian Mastiff or Anatolian Shepherd. The resulting puppies had a firm tight lower lip line and did not drool; selective breeding thereafter kept the dry mouth.
Group
Mastiff
Recognition
CKC
American Lo-Sze Pugg
Description
The head of the American Lo-Sze Pugg (TM) should not look large for the size of the dog, but should show a broadness. The skull is wide and flat between the ears and wide between the eyes. The stop is deep. The nose may be any color and is wide with open nostrils. The eyes are large, round and may be any color. The ears are set high and may be either drop or rose type ears. Drop ears fall to just below eye level. The muzzle is very short and broad. Nose wrinkle is preferred. The chin must be undershot with an upward sweep. The incisors of the lower jaw protrude over the upper incisors, and the lower jaw is rather broad and strong. The neck is rather short and moderately thick. The body is rather long and stocky with a broad chest and a level topline. The forelegs are curved, set moderately wide apart, and short with a good bone substance. The hind-legs are slightly lighter in bone substance than the forelegs, but are firm and well shaped. The feet are large, flat, and not round. The forefeet are slightly turned out. The tail is set high, carried over the back, and may rest on either side. Two coat types are allowed. The preferred being short, soft, and smooth with or without an undercoat. The undesirable, but accepted coat, is long with feathering on the ears legs, tail, and toes. It may be any color or pattern.
Temperament
As small as the American Lo-Sze Pugg (TM) is, it has all the love to give that a larger dog has, but it is more compact, as well as easier to lift and transport. It tends to be very sociable and tolerant of other pets such as cats and birds. It is a winsome little clown ready at all times to be your jester and it is a truly enchanting companion of ancient lineage. It shows a relatively high level of intelligence and responds well to both obedience training and social tricks. It is good with children, although some may be reserved around strangers or in unfamiliar situations. As with any other dog, interaction between them and small children should always be monitored. It will usually bark as an alert that it finds something suspicious, however it does not bark randomly. Because of its size and temperament it is not able to act as a watchdog. Because it is affectionate and lap-sized it is a hit as a therapy dog.
Height, Weight
Height average of: 10 inches (21 cm.)
Weight: 5-12 pounds (2.5 - 5.5 kg.)
Health Problems
Some of the health problems found in the American Lo-Sze Pugg (TM) are lacrimal duct atresia, cleft palate, inadequate blinking, patellar luxation, umbilical hernia, and stenotic nares. The American Lo-Sze Pugg (TM) is a brachycephalic toy breed like the Pug and Pekingese, and as such might have other problems found in these breeds. These problems in included the ones already mentioned as well as cataracts, distichiasis, elongated soft palate, retinal atrophy, cleft lip, and hip dysplasia. Because of their short nose, this breed can overheat very quickly. If overheating occurs the best thing to do is pour rubbing alcohol over the dog's body (cool water will also work but not quite as well, never use wet towels) and blow air over it with a fan or even better an air conditioner vent. If the dog has a blue tongue, oxygen is needed. In this case continue cooling and take it to the vet as soon as possible. If the situation is under control keep the dog in a cool, quite place and check it temperature regularly for 24 hours. If the dogs temperature goes over 106 degrees damage to the brain may occur.
Living Conditions
American Lo-Sze Puggs (TM) are suitable for apartment life. They also do well with a small yard but must be kept as indoor pets.
Exercise
They can easily stay fit by just doing the normal things in life. American Lo-Sze Pugg (TM) due enjoy playing fetch. Care should be taken when exercising them so they do not become overheated. (see Health Problems)
Life Expectancy
About 12 to 15 years.
Grooming
A weekly brushing and an occasional bath are all the grooming that is necessary.
Origin
Created in the US as a reconstruction of an extinct Chinese breed. The earliest evidence of short-nosed dogs in ancient China included mention of short-mouthed animals by Confucius in 551 B.C. Records from the first century A.D. refer to Pai, which appears to mean a short-legged and short-headed dog whose place was under the table. In the dictionary of Chinese characters commissioned by Emperor Kang Hsi around 950 A.D., references to dogs with short legs and dogs with a short head are included. These animals were exclusively kept by members of high royalty. Breeding of these dogs were permitted only within the Imperial palaces and any person found in unlawful possession of one met with execution. Illustrations of these dogs are found only in the stylized drawings and scrolls of ancient Chinese art. It appears that by the 1300s three types of small dog were favored. First was the Fu Lin, remarkably similar to the breed we know today as the Pekingese. Second was the Shoku-Ken, thought to be the ancestor of the Japanese Chin. Third was the Lo-Sze (low-tsu), progenitor of the modern pug, sharing many characteristics of the Pekingese, except that its coat was short and the tail was without feathering. The color of the Lo-Sze varied with most being parti-colored, while some were almost completely white. The Chinese had interbred these dogs, resulting in both short and long haired as well as variously colored pups in the same litter. During the latter part of the 1500s and early 1600s China began trading with European countries such as Portugal, Spain, Holland, and England. The three types of pug dogs returned from the Orient with these traders. By the beginning of the 1800s, the breeding of these small dogs outside their native home became more standardized as a breed, with favor toward the longer legged fawn and black pug we know today. This allowed the genetic traits of the Lo-Sze, among others, to be slowly lost. In 1989 Rebecca Manns began researching the history of today's Chinese Pugs. She learned how the colorful, short-legged ancestors were allowed to be lost in favor of the taller fawn and black animals. Finding it a pity that the original royal Lo-Sze was changed to suit another country's liking, she began to reconstruct the Lo-Sze dog of ancient China. Recognition was gained in 1998 under the present name by the International Rare Breed Dog Club Registry.
Group
Toy
Recognition
IRBDC, ARF, APRI
The head of the American Lo-Sze Pugg (TM) should not look large for the size of the dog, but should show a broadness. The skull is wide and flat between the ears and wide between the eyes. The stop is deep. The nose may be any color and is wide with open nostrils. The eyes are large, round and may be any color. The ears are set high and may be either drop or rose type ears. Drop ears fall to just below eye level. The muzzle is very short and broad. Nose wrinkle is preferred. The chin must be undershot with an upward sweep. The incisors of the lower jaw protrude over the upper incisors, and the lower jaw is rather broad and strong. The neck is rather short and moderately thick. The body is rather long and stocky with a broad chest and a level topline. The forelegs are curved, set moderately wide apart, and short with a good bone substance. The hind-legs are slightly lighter in bone substance than the forelegs, but are firm and well shaped. The feet are large, flat, and not round. The forefeet are slightly turned out. The tail is set high, carried over the back, and may rest on either side. Two coat types are allowed. The preferred being short, soft, and smooth with or without an undercoat. The undesirable, but accepted coat, is long with feathering on the ears legs, tail, and toes. It may be any color or pattern.
Temperament
As small as the American Lo-Sze Pugg (TM) is, it has all the love to give that a larger dog has, but it is more compact, as well as easier to lift and transport. It tends to be very sociable and tolerant of other pets such as cats and birds. It is a winsome little clown ready at all times to be your jester and it is a truly enchanting companion of ancient lineage. It shows a relatively high level of intelligence and responds well to both obedience training and social tricks. It is good with children, although some may be reserved around strangers or in unfamiliar situations. As with any other dog, interaction between them and small children should always be monitored. It will usually bark as an alert that it finds something suspicious, however it does not bark randomly. Because of its size and temperament it is not able to act as a watchdog. Because it is affectionate and lap-sized it is a hit as a therapy dog.
Height, Weight
Height average of: 10 inches (21 cm.)
Weight: 5-12 pounds (2.5 - 5.5 kg.)
Health Problems
Some of the health problems found in the American Lo-Sze Pugg (TM) are lacrimal duct atresia, cleft palate, inadequate blinking, patellar luxation, umbilical hernia, and stenotic nares. The American Lo-Sze Pugg (TM) is a brachycephalic toy breed like the Pug and Pekingese, and as such might have other problems found in these breeds. These problems in included the ones already mentioned as well as cataracts, distichiasis, elongated soft palate, retinal atrophy, cleft lip, and hip dysplasia. Because of their short nose, this breed can overheat very quickly. If overheating occurs the best thing to do is pour rubbing alcohol over the dog's body (cool water will also work but not quite as well, never use wet towels) and blow air over it with a fan or even better an air conditioner vent. If the dog has a blue tongue, oxygen is needed. In this case continue cooling and take it to the vet as soon as possible. If the situation is under control keep the dog in a cool, quite place and check it temperature regularly for 24 hours. If the dogs temperature goes over 106 degrees damage to the brain may occur.
Living Conditions
American Lo-Sze Puggs (TM) are suitable for apartment life. They also do well with a small yard but must be kept as indoor pets.
Exercise
They can easily stay fit by just doing the normal things in life. American Lo-Sze Pugg (TM) due enjoy playing fetch. Care should be taken when exercising them so they do not become overheated. (see Health Problems)
Life Expectancy
About 12 to 15 years.
Grooming
A weekly brushing and an occasional bath are all the grooming that is necessary.
Origin
Created in the US as a reconstruction of an extinct Chinese breed. The earliest evidence of short-nosed dogs in ancient China included mention of short-mouthed animals by Confucius in 551 B.C. Records from the first century A.D. refer to Pai, which appears to mean a short-legged and short-headed dog whose place was under the table. In the dictionary of Chinese characters commissioned by Emperor Kang Hsi around 950 A.D., references to dogs with short legs and dogs with a short head are included. These animals were exclusively kept by members of high royalty. Breeding of these dogs were permitted only within the Imperial palaces and any person found in unlawful possession of one met with execution. Illustrations of these dogs are found only in the stylized drawings and scrolls of ancient Chinese art. It appears that by the 1300s three types of small dog were favored. First was the Fu Lin, remarkably similar to the breed we know today as the Pekingese. Second was the Shoku-Ken, thought to be the ancestor of the Japanese Chin. Third was the Lo-Sze (low-tsu), progenitor of the modern pug, sharing many characteristics of the Pekingese, except that its coat was short and the tail was without feathering. The color of the Lo-Sze varied with most being parti-colored, while some were almost completely white. The Chinese had interbred these dogs, resulting in both short and long haired as well as variously colored pups in the same litter. During the latter part of the 1500s and early 1600s China began trading with European countries such as Portugal, Spain, Holland, and England. The three types of pug dogs returned from the Orient with these traders. By the beginning of the 1800s, the breeding of these small dogs outside their native home became more standardized as a breed, with favor toward the longer legged fawn and black pug we know today. This allowed the genetic traits of the Lo-Sze, among others, to be slowly lost. In 1989 Rebecca Manns began researching the history of today's Chinese Pugs. She learned how the colorful, short-legged ancestors were allowed to be lost in favor of the taller fawn and black animals. Finding it a pity that the original royal Lo-Sze was changed to suit another country's liking, she began to reconstruct the Lo-Sze dog of ancient China. Recognition was gained in 1998 under the present name by the International Rare Breed Dog Club Registry.
Group
Toy
Recognition
IRBDC, ARF, APRI
American Indian Dog
Pronunciation
American Indian Dog
Description
The American Indian dog is a working herding type, medium sized and lightly built, with a natural looking muzzle, and longish pricked ears. Their bushy tail is carried down with a slight curve. The head is in proportion to the body. The muzzle is wedge-shaped and moderately long to provide balance to the longish pricked ears. The stop is gentle, providing a flowing curve from the plane to the muzzle to the top of the skull. The skull is slightly domed between the ears. The eyes are medium sized and almond shaped. Colors include Pail Yellow or Pail Blue with the occasional amber, with the lighter color preferred. The eyes have an intelligent faraway look. The eyelids are close fitting and black. The ears are moderately long and wide set. They tilt slightly forward on the head, and are firmly pricked. Triangular in shape and well furred. There is a slight dome on the skull between the ears. The ears are very mobile. The nose is medium sized, black in color, with the liver color excepted on certain colors. The lips are thin and black. The lips fit closely over the teeth showing no excess flews. The teeth are a scissor bite only. Full and sound dentition required. The neck is medium length and strong. A good-sized ruff is present, but should not detract from the clean, trim appearance. The back is straight and slightly longer then tall. Loins are strong with a good distance between last rib and hip. Chest is deep, but not broad. Good tuck-up. Forelegs slightly turned out and finely boned. Good musculature with closely set withers and good lay back of shoulders. The front pastern slopes slightly when viewed from the side. Rear legs are long, & very angular, almost to the point of being sickle hocked, and well muscled. The back slopes slightly into the croup. Hocks well defined and parallel. Rear dewclaws should not be evident in Indian Dogs, but should be removed if present. The feet are small and cat like. Rounded with thick pads. Toes are close and well arched. Nails are short and thick. The tail is long and reaching to the hock, carried down with slight curve. It may be held up when showing dominance, or straight out when running, but never curled forward past the perpendicular. The coat is medium length and shiny. It has a short thick plush undercoat with long guard hairs that stand off from body. Hair is longer on the chest, ruff, shoulders, back of legs, and tail. COLOR & MARKINGS: Black, blue, white, golden red, gray, red & tan, tan, chocolate, cream, fawn, and silver. All colors have a sable shading with darker tipped guard hairs. All colors blend gently together, with very little spotting or defined line between colors. The tail has a dark scent marking (spot) ¾ up from tip. Some white on the chest, feet, caller and tip of the tail is accepted.
Temperament
A thinking breed, these dogs are very instinctual and territorially conscious. This creates an intense bonding, shown in pack loyalty to their family. They are never vicious, but always alert and tend to be cautious with strangers. They are excellent home and family watchdogs, capable of adjusting to any environment. Working versatility is one of the breed’s exceptional qualities.
Height, Weight
Height: Dogs 19- 21 inches (48-54 cm.) Bitches 18- 20 inches (46-51 cm.)
Weight: Dogs 30- 45 pounds (14-21 kg.) Bitches 25- 40 pounds (11-18 kg.)
Health Problems
-
Living Conditions
-
Exercise
-
Life Expectancy
-
Grooming
-
Origin
American Indian Dogs have been traced back to 30,000 years in North & South America. Mainly the many groups of Plains Indians in the United States developed the dogs. It was very important to their entire culture. For thousands of years, Native Americans used these dogs for hunting, tracking, guarding and herding. They were also used as pack animals, and would pull the family’s travois as they moved or migrated. They would keep their owners warm at night, and provide wool for weaving and trading. The most important objective in preserving this ancient breed is maintaining and improving its natural balance, primitive instincts, and versatile working abilities, for which it was originally developed. This truly beautiful, naturally balanced, all-American dog was close to extinction only a few years ago. Now, thanks to all the years of research and selective breeding, hopefully, they can regain their proper place in our society to teach man to stay in touch with his natural instincts and the beauty around him.
Note:
There are many folks who claim original native dogs are extinct and have been since before the invention of photography. They claim any dog sold as an Indian dog is a recreation. The Dog Breed Info Center® does not know which the case may be. Above is what we were told about the history of the breed from an Indian Dog breeder. If you would like to read more about this subject, type the words "Indian dog warning hoax" without the quotes and read up on the subject. From there you can make your own educated guess.
Group
-
Recognition
-
American Indian Dog
Description
The American Indian dog is a working herding type, medium sized and lightly built, with a natural looking muzzle, and longish pricked ears. Their bushy tail is carried down with a slight curve. The head is in proportion to the body. The muzzle is wedge-shaped and moderately long to provide balance to the longish pricked ears. The stop is gentle, providing a flowing curve from the plane to the muzzle to the top of the skull. The skull is slightly domed between the ears. The eyes are medium sized and almond shaped. Colors include Pail Yellow or Pail Blue with the occasional amber, with the lighter color preferred. The eyes have an intelligent faraway look. The eyelids are close fitting and black. The ears are moderately long and wide set. They tilt slightly forward on the head, and are firmly pricked. Triangular in shape and well furred. There is a slight dome on the skull between the ears. The ears are very mobile. The nose is medium sized, black in color, with the liver color excepted on certain colors. The lips are thin and black. The lips fit closely over the teeth showing no excess flews. The teeth are a scissor bite only. Full and sound dentition required. The neck is medium length and strong. A good-sized ruff is present, but should not detract from the clean, trim appearance. The back is straight and slightly longer then tall. Loins are strong with a good distance between last rib and hip. Chest is deep, but not broad. Good tuck-up. Forelegs slightly turned out and finely boned. Good musculature with closely set withers and good lay back of shoulders. The front pastern slopes slightly when viewed from the side. Rear legs are long, & very angular, almost to the point of being sickle hocked, and well muscled. The back slopes slightly into the croup. Hocks well defined and parallel. Rear dewclaws should not be evident in Indian Dogs, but should be removed if present. The feet are small and cat like. Rounded with thick pads. Toes are close and well arched. Nails are short and thick. The tail is long and reaching to the hock, carried down with slight curve. It may be held up when showing dominance, or straight out when running, but never curled forward past the perpendicular. The coat is medium length and shiny. It has a short thick plush undercoat with long guard hairs that stand off from body. Hair is longer on the chest, ruff, shoulders, back of legs, and tail. COLOR & MARKINGS: Black, blue, white, golden red, gray, red & tan, tan, chocolate, cream, fawn, and silver. All colors have a sable shading with darker tipped guard hairs. All colors blend gently together, with very little spotting or defined line between colors. The tail has a dark scent marking (spot) ¾ up from tip. Some white on the chest, feet, caller and tip of the tail is accepted.
Temperament
A thinking breed, these dogs are very instinctual and territorially conscious. This creates an intense bonding, shown in pack loyalty to their family. They are never vicious, but always alert and tend to be cautious with strangers. They are excellent home and family watchdogs, capable of adjusting to any environment. Working versatility is one of the breed’s exceptional qualities.
Height, Weight
Height: Dogs 19- 21 inches (48-54 cm.) Bitches 18- 20 inches (46-51 cm.)
Weight: Dogs 30- 45 pounds (14-21 kg.) Bitches 25- 40 pounds (11-18 kg.)
Health Problems
-
Living Conditions
-
Exercise
-
Life Expectancy
-
Grooming
-
Origin
American Indian Dogs have been traced back to 30,000 years in North & South America. Mainly the many groups of Plains Indians in the United States developed the dogs. It was very important to their entire culture. For thousands of years, Native Americans used these dogs for hunting, tracking, guarding and herding. They were also used as pack animals, and would pull the family’s travois as they moved or migrated. They would keep their owners warm at night, and provide wool for weaving and trading. The most important objective in preserving this ancient breed is maintaining and improving its natural balance, primitive instincts, and versatile working abilities, for which it was originally developed. This truly beautiful, naturally balanced, all-American dog was close to extinction only a few years ago. Now, thanks to all the years of research and selective breeding, hopefully, they can regain their proper place in our society to teach man to stay in touch with his natural instincts and the beauty around him.
Note:
There are many folks who claim original native dogs are extinct and have been since before the invention of photography. They claim any dog sold as an Indian dog is a recreation. The Dog Breed Info Center® does not know which the case may be. Above is what we were told about the history of the breed from an Indian Dog breeder. If you would like to read more about this subject, type the words "Indian dog warning hoax" without the quotes and read up on the subject. From there you can make your own educated guess.
Group
-
Recognition
-
American Hairless Terrier
Pronunciation
American Hairless Terrier
Description
In build, the American Hairless Terrier is identical to the medium-sized Rat Terriers, from whom he is directly descended. The American Hairless is a well-muscled dog with a deep chest, strong shoulders, solid neck, and powerful legs. The ears are carried erect when the dog is alert and are called bat, similar to the Rat Terrier's. Tails must be full length. Bobs, either natural or docked are a disqualification. The skin is pink with gray, black, golden or red spots. Hairless-to-hairless breeding always produces completely hairless puppies. Hairless-to-coated mating is producing variable results, depending on chances and whether the coated dog is a carrier of the hairless trait. Hairless pups are born with a bit of sparse fuzzy hair all over their body. The pup will shed this fuzz, starting with the head, proceeding backwards, becoming entirely and eternally hairless by the age of six weeks. They do not have tufts of hair on the head, feet and end of tail, as do the Chinese Crested. They do however, have normal eyebrows and whiskers.
Temperament
American Hairless Terriers are intelligent, alert playful and loving dogs. Very inquisitive and lively. This affectionate dog makes an excellent companion for anyone. They are good with children, especially if they are raised with them from puppyhood. The American Hairless Terrier, unlike other dog breeds, will break out in a sweat when hot or scared. They are fairly territorial, stubborn and for the most part friendly with strangers. AHT's make good watchdogs. They are not good swimmers and need to be closely monitored. These dogs are quick and very playful. They are not yappers. The temperament of these dogs is pure terrier. The lively, feisty, fearless nature found in the best of terriers is sure to mellow, as ratting cannot be recommended, due to the increased vulnerability brought on by the lack of a protective coat. This breed seems to train easily and are eager to please.
Height, Weight
Height: 7-16 inches (18-41 cm.)
Weight: 5-16 pounds (2.5-7 kg.)
Health Problems
These dogs do not have absent premolars or any of the breeding complications associated with the hairless breeds. The AHT does not have the major skin problems commonly seen in hairless dogs. Sometimes they will get a rash on their skin. Because of their lack of hair, they do need protection from the sun. Sunscreen should be applied or a shirt should be worn, not only for the protection from the sun but from the cold as well. AHT's do have sweat glands and will get pimples! They go away on their own. Rashes due to grass allergies are not that uncommon. Other allergies do occur as well.
Living Conditions
The AHT will do ok in an apartment so long as they get at least 20-30 minutes of exercise a day. They are fairly active indoors and should have at least a small to medium sized yard. AHT's love to dig. Since they have sweat glands they do not drool at the mouth or pant in order to balance their body heat. They should wear a sweater in cold weather.
Exercise
The breed enjoys challenging games and outdoor romps.
Life Expectancy
About 14-16 years.
Grooming
The only special care required is preventing sunburn and keeping them warm in cold weather. They should be bathed one to three times a week, owners preference. Their nails should be trimmed weekly. If their skin becomes dry, lotion (without lanolin) can be applied. This breed obviously does not shed and they do not get fleas, but they do shed skin cells about every 20 days, therefore there is some dander but it is very minimal. AHT's forget they do not have any hair and romp around outside. Scratches and cuts do happen and they need to be attended to by hydrogen peroxide or any other antiseptic agent.
This breed is very good for allergy sufferers. Many AHT breeders have experiences , doing hands on and remote allergy tests with people who have allergic responses to dogs and more often than not, individuals who can not tolerate even those breeds who are known to be 'hypoallergenic'... can tolerate an AHT. Studies have found them to be the best breed of dog for people with dog allergies. Many breeders can recount stories of grown men crying at the prospect of owning a dog for the first time in their lives. For those individuals and families who have never owned a dog before either due to their own allergies or a family members , holding a dog for the first time without a reaction is a rather powerful feeling for them.. !
Origin
In 1972, a remarkable thing happened: in a litter of mid-sized Rat Terriers, a completely hairless female was born. It became the prized pet of Willie and Edwin Scott of Louisiana, U.S.A. They named their hairless dog Josephine. The Scotts bred Josephine and produced one hairless female in her first litter, but through the next several litters, the little terrier failed to whelp any more exhibiting the hairless trait. Finally, at the age of nine years, she crowned her attempts by having a litter with two hairless pups, one of each sex. These hairless pups where the foundation of a breeding program to produce and stabilize the breed. The Scotts worked under the guidance of their geneticist and veterinarian. They named their new breed American Hairless Terrier. These are not just freak dogs. They differ substantially from the hairless types of Asia and Africa in that no Powderpuff variety is needed to obtain hairless pups, as the hairlessness gene is not semi-lethal dominant but autosomal recessive. Furthermore, these dogs do not have absent premolars or any of the breeding complications associated with the hairless breeds. For these traits, the Scott's nude puppy and its progeny are truly remarkable and unique in the canine world. The Scotts are still working on establishing this breed. They are working toward keeping the temperament of the Rat Terrier while still maintaining the hairless trait.
Group
Terrier
Recognition
UKC, NKC, AHTF, AHRTC, CKC, APRI, ACR
The AHRTC is licensed by United Kennel Club . The breed is now recognized with UKC as a rat terrier/ hairless variety but will become a separate breed with UKC on Jan 1, 2004. The AHRTC will be then known as the AHTA, American Hairless Terrrier Association and the Provisional Parent Club for this breed with UKC.
American Hairless Terrier
Description
In build, the American Hairless Terrier is identical to the medium-sized Rat Terriers, from whom he is directly descended. The American Hairless is a well-muscled dog with a deep chest, strong shoulders, solid neck, and powerful legs. The ears are carried erect when the dog is alert and are called bat, similar to the Rat Terrier's. Tails must be full length. Bobs, either natural or docked are a disqualification. The skin is pink with gray, black, golden or red spots. Hairless-to-hairless breeding always produces completely hairless puppies. Hairless-to-coated mating is producing variable results, depending on chances and whether the coated dog is a carrier of the hairless trait. Hairless pups are born with a bit of sparse fuzzy hair all over their body. The pup will shed this fuzz, starting with the head, proceeding backwards, becoming entirely and eternally hairless by the age of six weeks. They do not have tufts of hair on the head, feet and end of tail, as do the Chinese Crested. They do however, have normal eyebrows and whiskers.
Temperament
American Hairless Terriers are intelligent, alert playful and loving dogs. Very inquisitive and lively. This affectionate dog makes an excellent companion for anyone. They are good with children, especially if they are raised with them from puppyhood. The American Hairless Terrier, unlike other dog breeds, will break out in a sweat when hot or scared. They are fairly territorial, stubborn and for the most part friendly with strangers. AHT's make good watchdogs. They are not good swimmers and need to be closely monitored. These dogs are quick and very playful. They are not yappers. The temperament of these dogs is pure terrier. The lively, feisty, fearless nature found in the best of terriers is sure to mellow, as ratting cannot be recommended, due to the increased vulnerability brought on by the lack of a protective coat. This breed seems to train easily and are eager to please.
Height, Weight
Height: 7-16 inches (18-41 cm.)
Weight: 5-16 pounds (2.5-7 kg.)
Health Problems
These dogs do not have absent premolars or any of the breeding complications associated with the hairless breeds. The AHT does not have the major skin problems commonly seen in hairless dogs. Sometimes they will get a rash on their skin. Because of their lack of hair, they do need protection from the sun. Sunscreen should be applied or a shirt should be worn, not only for the protection from the sun but from the cold as well. AHT's do have sweat glands and will get pimples! They go away on their own. Rashes due to grass allergies are not that uncommon. Other allergies do occur as well.
Living Conditions
The AHT will do ok in an apartment so long as they get at least 20-30 minutes of exercise a day. They are fairly active indoors and should have at least a small to medium sized yard. AHT's love to dig. Since they have sweat glands they do not drool at the mouth or pant in order to balance their body heat. They should wear a sweater in cold weather.
Exercise
The breed enjoys challenging games and outdoor romps.
Life Expectancy
About 14-16 years.
Grooming
The only special care required is preventing sunburn and keeping them warm in cold weather. They should be bathed one to three times a week, owners preference. Their nails should be trimmed weekly. If their skin becomes dry, lotion (without lanolin) can be applied. This breed obviously does not shed and they do not get fleas, but they do shed skin cells about every 20 days, therefore there is some dander but it is very minimal. AHT's forget they do not have any hair and romp around outside. Scratches and cuts do happen and they need to be attended to by hydrogen peroxide or any other antiseptic agent.
This breed is very good for allergy sufferers. Many AHT breeders have experiences , doing hands on and remote allergy tests with people who have allergic responses to dogs and more often than not, individuals who can not tolerate even those breeds who are known to be 'hypoallergenic'... can tolerate an AHT. Studies have found them to be the best breed of dog for people with dog allergies. Many breeders can recount stories of grown men crying at the prospect of owning a dog for the first time in their lives. For those individuals and families who have never owned a dog before either due to their own allergies or a family members , holding a dog for the first time without a reaction is a rather powerful feeling for them.. !
Origin
In 1972, a remarkable thing happened: in a litter of mid-sized Rat Terriers, a completely hairless female was born. It became the prized pet of Willie and Edwin Scott of Louisiana, U.S.A. They named their hairless dog Josephine. The Scotts bred Josephine and produced one hairless female in her first litter, but through the next several litters, the little terrier failed to whelp any more exhibiting the hairless trait. Finally, at the age of nine years, she crowned her attempts by having a litter with two hairless pups, one of each sex. These hairless pups where the foundation of a breeding program to produce and stabilize the breed. The Scotts worked under the guidance of their geneticist and veterinarian. They named their new breed American Hairless Terrier. These are not just freak dogs. They differ substantially from the hairless types of Asia and Africa in that no Powderpuff variety is needed to obtain hairless pups, as the hairlessness gene is not semi-lethal dominant but autosomal recessive. Furthermore, these dogs do not have absent premolars or any of the breeding complications associated with the hairless breeds. For these traits, the Scott's nude puppy and its progeny are truly remarkable and unique in the canine world. The Scotts are still working on establishing this breed. They are working toward keeping the temperament of the Rat Terrier while still maintaining the hairless trait.
Group
Terrier
Recognition
UKC, NKC, AHTF, AHRTC, CKC, APRI, ACR
The AHRTC is licensed by United Kennel Club . The breed is now recognized with UKC as a rat terrier/ hairless variety but will become a separate breed with UKC on Jan 1, 2004. The AHRTC will be then known as the AHTA, American Hairless Terrrier Association and the Provisional Parent Club for this breed with UKC.
American Foxhound
Pronunciation
American Foxhound
Description
While similar to its English cousin, the American Foxhound has been developed by its breeders to be lighter and taller, to have a keener sense of smell, and to be even faster in the chase. A large, handsome hound, its front legs are long and very straight-boned. The head is long with a slightly domed, large skull. The ears are broad and pendant, framing the face. The eyes are large and wide-set - either brown or hazel, with a sweet, imploring expression. The ears are wide, flat to the head and its tail is carried cheerfully with a slight upward curve, like a sickle. The short, hard coat may be any color.
Temperament
The American Foxhound is sweet, affectionate, gentle and loving at home, but also a brave and intense warrior in the hunt. They are excellent with children and get along well with other dogs because of their pack-hunting background, but should not be trusted with non-canine pets. Friendliness to strangers varies widely. Some are very friendly; some are protective. This breed can be difficult to housebreak. Be aware, the American Foxhound will take off after an interesting scent if possible. They like to bay and have a melodious bark, so much so, in fact, that its tones have been used in popular songs. Foxhounds don't always make good house pets, due to their history as outdoor pack kennel hounds. If you are looking for a pet, try show lines rather than field types.
Height, weight
Height: 21-25 inches (53-64cm)
Weight: 65-75 pounds (29-34kg)
Health Problems
A fairly healthy breed, American Foxhounds are free of many genetic diseases such as hip and bone problems, which plague other large breeds. Do not overfeed this breed as he has a tendency to put on weight.
Living Conditions
American Foxhounds are not recommended for apartment life. They are very active indoors and do best with acreage.
Exercise
The American Foxhound needs a great deal of exercise or he can become restless and destructive. He can run around a square-mile (200 sq. km.) farm from early morning to late at night and return home still enthusiastic and eager to run.
Life Expectancy
About 10-12 years
Litter Size
Average of 5 - 7 puppies
Grooming
The smooth, short-haired coat is easy to groom. Comb and brush with a firm bristle brush, and shampoo only when necessary. This breed is an average shedder.
Origin
This marvelous Foxhound is directly descended from English hounds brought to America in 1650 and bred over a century later to a French hound sent as a gift by Lafayette to George Washington. The two breeds, French and English, in combination have produced the American Foxhound. In the seventeenth century, these dogs were used for seeking out Indians. Later, however they became efficient and untiring hunters of wild animals. The American Foxhound has an excellent nose, and is very fast when giving chase. He has great stamina for running and a musical bay. The American Foxhound is still primarily a hunting and field trial dog (in packs and alone), though he has had some success as a companion dog. Its talents are hunting, tracking, watchdogging and agility.
Group
Hound, AKC Hound
Recognition
FCI, AKC, CKC, NKC, NZKC, CKC, APRI, ACR
American Foxhound
Description
While similar to its English cousin, the American Foxhound has been developed by its breeders to be lighter and taller, to have a keener sense of smell, and to be even faster in the chase. A large, handsome hound, its front legs are long and very straight-boned. The head is long with a slightly domed, large skull. The ears are broad and pendant, framing the face. The eyes are large and wide-set - either brown or hazel, with a sweet, imploring expression. The ears are wide, flat to the head and its tail is carried cheerfully with a slight upward curve, like a sickle. The short, hard coat may be any color.
Temperament
The American Foxhound is sweet, affectionate, gentle and loving at home, but also a brave and intense warrior in the hunt. They are excellent with children and get along well with other dogs because of their pack-hunting background, but should not be trusted with non-canine pets. Friendliness to strangers varies widely. Some are very friendly; some are protective. This breed can be difficult to housebreak. Be aware, the American Foxhound will take off after an interesting scent if possible. They like to bay and have a melodious bark, so much so, in fact, that its tones have been used in popular songs. Foxhounds don't always make good house pets, due to their history as outdoor pack kennel hounds. If you are looking for a pet, try show lines rather than field types.
Height, weight
Height: 21-25 inches (53-64cm)
Weight: 65-75 pounds (29-34kg)
Health Problems
A fairly healthy breed, American Foxhounds are free of many genetic diseases such as hip and bone problems, which plague other large breeds. Do not overfeed this breed as he has a tendency to put on weight.
Living Conditions
American Foxhounds are not recommended for apartment life. They are very active indoors and do best with acreage.
Exercise
The American Foxhound needs a great deal of exercise or he can become restless and destructive. He can run around a square-mile (200 sq. km.) farm from early morning to late at night and return home still enthusiastic and eager to run.
Life Expectancy
About 10-12 years
Litter Size
Average of 5 - 7 puppies
Grooming
The smooth, short-haired coat is easy to groom. Comb and brush with a firm bristle brush, and shampoo only when necessary. This breed is an average shedder.
Origin
This marvelous Foxhound is directly descended from English hounds brought to America in 1650 and bred over a century later to a French hound sent as a gift by Lafayette to George Washington. The two breeds, French and English, in combination have produced the American Foxhound. In the seventeenth century, these dogs were used for seeking out Indians. Later, however they became efficient and untiring hunters of wild animals. The American Foxhound has an excellent nose, and is very fast when giving chase. He has great stamina for running and a musical bay. The American Foxhound is still primarily a hunting and field trial dog (in packs and alone), though he has had some success as a companion dog. Its talents are hunting, tracking, watchdogging and agility.
Group
Hound, AKC Hound
Recognition
FCI, AKC, CKC, NKC, NZKC, CKC, APRI, ACR
American Eskimo Dog
Pronunciation
American Eskimo Dog
Description
The American Eskimo is a beautiful, snowy white Spitz-type dog. It looks like a miniature Samoyed. There are three varieties: the toy, miniature, and standard. That means there is an Eskie for all interests and house sizes. The American Eskimo has a wedge-shaped head with muzzle and skull about the same length. It has erect triangular-shaped ears, and a heavily plumed tail curled over the back. Its neck is well carried and the topline good and level. Good legs and feet allow the Eskie to trot with bold energetic action. The profuse coat is always white, or white with biscuit or cream markings. Their skin is pink or gray. Black is the preferred color of their eyelids, gums, nose, and pads. The coat is heavy around the neck, creating a ruff or mane, especially in males. The breed is slightly longer than it is tall. The coat of the American Eskimo should not curl or wave, the undercoat should be thick and plush with the harsher outer coat growing up through it. No colors other than those described above are allowed. The eyes must not be blue and no Eskie may be shown if it is under 9 inches (23cm) or over 19 inches (48cm). The breed has many admirers and it has withstood the test of time.
Temperament
The American Eskimo is a charming, affectionate and loving dog. Hardy and playful, they are excellent with children. Highly intelligent and willing to please. Alert and easy to train, the American Eskimo often ranks among the top scorers in obedience trials. Some individuals have a willful streak, but most like to work. Dogs whose ancestry displays nervousness, hyperactivity or viciousness should not be bred. They are naturally wary of strangers, but once introduced, they become instant friends. Some have been known to not let a stranger enter the home until the owner says it is okay. Eskimos need to be part of the family and engage in nuisance activities when isolated. Handle them gently, but firmly. This breed needs attention and loves to bark. Eskies should be thoroughly socialized when young to avoid potential aggression-related accidents.
Height, Weight
Toy: 9-12 inches (23-30cm) 6-10 pounds (2.4-4.5kg)
Miniature: over 12 (30cm) up to 15 inches (38cm) 10-20 pounds (4.5-9kg)
Standard: over 15 inches (38cm) up to 19 inches (48cm) 18-35 pounds (8kg-16kg)
Health Problems
The American Eskimo is a fairly healthy breed, although close attention should be paid to its eyes and tear ducts. Prone to hip dysplasia and progressive retinal atrophy. Its thick double coat should be kept clean and free of fleas that can cause dermatitis. This breed can gain weight easily if it does not get enough exercise.
Living Conditions
American Eskimos will do okay in an apartment if it is sufficiently exercised. It is very active indoors and a small yard will be sufficient.
Exercise
The American Eskimo loves to walk and should be well exercised either on a leash or in a safely enclosed yard.
Life Expectancy
About 15 or more years
Litter Size
Average of 5 Puppies
Grooming
The thick snowy white coat is easy to groom. Brush with a firm bristle brush twice a week. It should be brushed daily when it is shedding. This breed is an average shedder.
Origin
No one knows exactly when and how the American Eskimo originated. However, the American Eskimo is one of the Spitz families of Nordic breeds, and is possibly related to the White German Spitz, Samoyed and White Keeshond. Evidence suggests that "White Spitz" dogs were first brought to the United States by German settlers. A couple named Hall, in 1913, were the first to register the breed with the UKC. Their kennel name was "American Eskimo" which became the name of the breed. The American Eskimo was spread throughout the United States by the Barnum and Bailey Circus. Stout's Pal Pierre was the first dog ever to walk a tight rope. The North American Eskimo Dog Association was formed in 1969, and the studbook was closed. The American Eskimo Dog Club of America formed in 1985 for the purpose of achieving AKC recognition. This goal has now been achieved. As of July 1, 1995, the American Eskimo was formally recognized by the AKC. Some of the American Eskimo's talents are watchdogging, guarding, narcotics detection, agility, competitive obedience, and performing tricks.
Group
Northern, AKC Non-Sporting
Recognition
UKC, AKC, NKC, CKC, APRI, ACR
American Eskimo Dog
Description
The American Eskimo is a beautiful, snowy white Spitz-type dog. It looks like a miniature Samoyed. There are three varieties: the toy, miniature, and standard. That means there is an Eskie for all interests and house sizes. The American Eskimo has a wedge-shaped head with muzzle and skull about the same length. It has erect triangular-shaped ears, and a heavily plumed tail curled over the back. Its neck is well carried and the topline good and level. Good legs and feet allow the Eskie to trot with bold energetic action. The profuse coat is always white, or white with biscuit or cream markings. Their skin is pink or gray. Black is the preferred color of their eyelids, gums, nose, and pads. The coat is heavy around the neck, creating a ruff or mane, especially in males. The breed is slightly longer than it is tall. The coat of the American Eskimo should not curl or wave, the undercoat should be thick and plush with the harsher outer coat growing up through it. No colors other than those described above are allowed. The eyes must not be blue and no Eskie may be shown if it is under 9 inches (23cm) or over 19 inches (48cm). The breed has many admirers and it has withstood the test of time.
Temperament
The American Eskimo is a charming, affectionate and loving dog. Hardy and playful, they are excellent with children. Highly intelligent and willing to please. Alert and easy to train, the American Eskimo often ranks among the top scorers in obedience trials. Some individuals have a willful streak, but most like to work. Dogs whose ancestry displays nervousness, hyperactivity or viciousness should not be bred. They are naturally wary of strangers, but once introduced, they become instant friends. Some have been known to not let a stranger enter the home until the owner says it is okay. Eskimos need to be part of the family and engage in nuisance activities when isolated. Handle them gently, but firmly. This breed needs attention and loves to bark. Eskies should be thoroughly socialized when young to avoid potential aggression-related accidents.
Height, Weight
Toy: 9-12 inches (23-30cm) 6-10 pounds (2.4-4.5kg)
Miniature: over 12 (30cm) up to 15 inches (38cm) 10-20 pounds (4.5-9kg)
Standard: over 15 inches (38cm) up to 19 inches (48cm) 18-35 pounds (8kg-16kg)
Health Problems
The American Eskimo is a fairly healthy breed, although close attention should be paid to its eyes and tear ducts. Prone to hip dysplasia and progressive retinal atrophy. Its thick double coat should be kept clean and free of fleas that can cause dermatitis. This breed can gain weight easily if it does not get enough exercise.
Living Conditions
American Eskimos will do okay in an apartment if it is sufficiently exercised. It is very active indoors and a small yard will be sufficient.
Exercise
The American Eskimo loves to walk and should be well exercised either on a leash or in a safely enclosed yard.
Life Expectancy
About 15 or more years
Litter Size
Average of 5 Puppies
Grooming
The thick snowy white coat is easy to groom. Brush with a firm bristle brush twice a week. It should be brushed daily when it is shedding. This breed is an average shedder.
Origin
No one knows exactly when and how the American Eskimo originated. However, the American Eskimo is one of the Spitz families of Nordic breeds, and is possibly related to the White German Spitz, Samoyed and White Keeshond. Evidence suggests that "White Spitz" dogs were first brought to the United States by German settlers. A couple named Hall, in 1913, were the first to register the breed with the UKC. Their kennel name was "American Eskimo" which became the name of the breed. The American Eskimo was spread throughout the United States by the Barnum and Bailey Circus. Stout's Pal Pierre was the first dog ever to walk a tight rope. The North American Eskimo Dog Association was formed in 1969, and the studbook was closed. The American Eskimo Dog Club of America formed in 1985 for the purpose of achieving AKC recognition. This goal has now been achieved. As of July 1, 1995, the American Eskimo was formally recognized by the AKC. Some of the American Eskimo's talents are watchdogging, guarding, narcotics detection, agility, competitive obedience, and performing tricks.
Group
Northern, AKC Non-Sporting
Recognition
UKC, AKC, NKC, CKC, APRI, ACR
American Cocker Spaniel
Pronunciation
American Cocker Spaniel
Description
This is a beautiful spaniel with very long hanging ears, a rounded head, and a profuse, silky, feathered, medium-length coat. The head is chiseled with an abrupt stop. The muzzle is wide, deep and broad with a square jaw. The upper lip hangs down, covering the lower jaw completely. The teeth are strong and should meet in a scissors bite. The nose is always black on black dogs, but may be brown on other dogs. The eyes are round, set on so they look straightforward. The eye rims are slightly oval. The body is compact, with a short back. The topline should slope gently downwards from front to back. The front legs are straight, with good bone. Dewclaws on front and rear legs should be removed. The coat comes in buff, black, and other solid colors, black-and-tan (like a Rottweiler or Doberman Pinscher), parti-color (white with black, white with buff or red, white with black and tan points) Some requirements for correct markings are specified in the standard. The tail is docked to 2/5 it's original length and is carried on a line with its back; it is constantly in motion. Field lines generally have shorter coats which are better suited to work in brush. They also have better hunting instincts. Both types make good pets.
Temperament
Bold and keen to work, the American Cocker Spaniel is equally suited to life as a gundog or as a household pet. Cheerful, sweet, and sensitive. The Cocker Spaniel is respectful of its master's authority without much challenge. Merry and endearing. A happy tail-wagger. Gentle and trusting, with average intelligence. They are lively, playful and devoted, but should be socialized well when they are young to avoid a tendency for shyness. Usually good with children. Cockers love everyone and need people to be happy. They can be difficult to housebreak and some like to bark. However they are mostly easy to train and get along well with other animals. Note: This is a very popular breed; the above is the typical temperament of the American Cocker Spaniel, like any breed there are always exceptions. Due to this breeds popularity one must be careful to choose a Cocker from a reputable breeder; as some have reported in to the Dog Breed Info Center® reports of Cockers that have not had great temperaments and were not good with children. Cockers with this type of temperament are not typical of the breed. Before adopting an American Cocker, be sure to give it a puppy temperament test and if possible ask to meet the parents. Beware of poorly bred puppy-mill Cockers as they may have bizarre temperamental changes and behavioral problems. This would include shy-sharpness, which is a combination of fear and dominance that can cause viciousness. Also Submissive urinating; aggressive guarding of objects, people and places, hyper-sexuality and roaming.
Height, Weight
Height: Dogs 15 ½ inches (38cm.) Bitches 14 ½ inches (36.8cm.)
Weight: 15-30 pounds (7-14 kg.)
Health Problems
Some major concern in American Cocker Spaniels are cataracts, glaucoma and patellar luxation. Some minor concerns are hip dysplasia, ectropion, entropion, PRA, allergies, seborrhea, lip fold pyoderma, otitis externa, liver disease, urolithiasis, prolapse of nictitans gland, CHF, phosphofructokinase deficiency, and cardiomyopathy. Occasionally seen are gastric torsion and elbow dysplasia. Also IMHA (Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia) One owner stated, "Our cocker never had a sick day in her life until she suddenly became lethargic and urinated blood. Six days later, and $3000 in vet bills, she died. I know you can't list every illness due to space limitations, but the internal medicine specialist that treated our dog said that IMHA is relatively common in cockers, and almost always fatal. It's a fast-acting, silent killer.
Living Conditions
Cockers will do okay in an apartment if they are adequately exercised, and are fairly active indoors. A small yard is sufficient.
Exercise
American Cockers have plenty of stamina and need regular exercise. When walking, avoid brushy thickets that can tangle the coat.
Life Expectancy
About 12-15 years.
Litter Size
1 - 7 puppies - Average of 5
Grooming
The eyes need regular cleaning. Some owners prefer to leave the coat long, brushing daily and shampooing frequently with quarterly scissoring and clipping. Others prefer to clip the coat to medium length to be more functional. Either way, the dog will need regular trimming. When brushing, be careful not to pull out the silky hair. This breed is an average shedder.
Origin
The popular Cocker Spaniel, sometimes called the American Cocker Spaniel, was originally developed from careful breeding of the English Cocker Spaniels brought to the United States. The American Cocker Spaniel is smaller than the English Cocker Spaniel and has a different conformation. The name "Cocker" comes from the woodcock, a game bird these spaniels flushed particularly well. Today, the Cocker Spaniel serves primarily as a companion and glamorous show dog. It can also be used for hunting, tracking, retrieving, watchdogging and agility.
Group
Gun Dog, AKC Sporting
Recognition
FCI, AKC, UKC, KCGB, CKC, ANKC, NKC, NZKC, CKC, CCR, APRI, ACR
American Cocker Spaniel
Description
This is a beautiful spaniel with very long hanging ears, a rounded head, and a profuse, silky, feathered, medium-length coat. The head is chiseled with an abrupt stop. The muzzle is wide, deep and broad with a square jaw. The upper lip hangs down, covering the lower jaw completely. The teeth are strong and should meet in a scissors bite. The nose is always black on black dogs, but may be brown on other dogs. The eyes are round, set on so they look straightforward. The eye rims are slightly oval. The body is compact, with a short back. The topline should slope gently downwards from front to back. The front legs are straight, with good bone. Dewclaws on front and rear legs should be removed. The coat comes in buff, black, and other solid colors, black-and-tan (like a Rottweiler or Doberman Pinscher), parti-color (white with black, white with buff or red, white with black and tan points) Some requirements for correct markings are specified in the standard. The tail is docked to 2/5 it's original length and is carried on a line with its back; it is constantly in motion. Field lines generally have shorter coats which are better suited to work in brush. They also have better hunting instincts. Both types make good pets.
Temperament
Bold and keen to work, the American Cocker Spaniel is equally suited to life as a gundog or as a household pet. Cheerful, sweet, and sensitive. The Cocker Spaniel is respectful of its master's authority without much challenge. Merry and endearing. A happy tail-wagger. Gentle and trusting, with average intelligence. They are lively, playful and devoted, but should be socialized well when they are young to avoid a tendency for shyness. Usually good with children. Cockers love everyone and need people to be happy. They can be difficult to housebreak and some like to bark. However they are mostly easy to train and get along well with other animals. Note: This is a very popular breed; the above is the typical temperament of the American Cocker Spaniel, like any breed there are always exceptions. Due to this breeds popularity one must be careful to choose a Cocker from a reputable breeder; as some have reported in to the Dog Breed Info Center® reports of Cockers that have not had great temperaments and were not good with children. Cockers with this type of temperament are not typical of the breed. Before adopting an American Cocker, be sure to give it a puppy temperament test and if possible ask to meet the parents. Beware of poorly bred puppy-mill Cockers as they may have bizarre temperamental changes and behavioral problems. This would include shy-sharpness, which is a combination of fear and dominance that can cause viciousness. Also Submissive urinating; aggressive guarding of objects, people and places, hyper-sexuality and roaming.
Height, Weight
Height: Dogs 15 ½ inches (38cm.) Bitches 14 ½ inches (36.8cm.)
Weight: 15-30 pounds (7-14 kg.)
Health Problems
Some major concern in American Cocker Spaniels are cataracts, glaucoma and patellar luxation. Some minor concerns are hip dysplasia, ectropion, entropion, PRA, allergies, seborrhea, lip fold pyoderma, otitis externa, liver disease, urolithiasis, prolapse of nictitans gland, CHF, phosphofructokinase deficiency, and cardiomyopathy. Occasionally seen are gastric torsion and elbow dysplasia. Also IMHA (Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia) One owner stated, "Our cocker never had a sick day in her life until she suddenly became lethargic and urinated blood. Six days later, and $3000 in vet bills, she died. I know you can't list every illness due to space limitations, but the internal medicine specialist that treated our dog said that IMHA is relatively common in cockers, and almost always fatal. It's a fast-acting, silent killer.
Living Conditions
Cockers will do okay in an apartment if they are adequately exercised, and are fairly active indoors. A small yard is sufficient.
Exercise
American Cockers have plenty of stamina and need regular exercise. When walking, avoid brushy thickets that can tangle the coat.
Life Expectancy
About 12-15 years.
Litter Size
1 - 7 puppies - Average of 5
Grooming
The eyes need regular cleaning. Some owners prefer to leave the coat long, brushing daily and shampooing frequently with quarterly scissoring and clipping. Others prefer to clip the coat to medium length to be more functional. Either way, the dog will need regular trimming. When brushing, be careful not to pull out the silky hair. This breed is an average shedder.
Origin
The popular Cocker Spaniel, sometimes called the American Cocker Spaniel, was originally developed from careful breeding of the English Cocker Spaniels brought to the United States. The American Cocker Spaniel is smaller than the English Cocker Spaniel and has a different conformation. The name "Cocker" comes from the woodcock, a game bird these spaniels flushed particularly well. Today, the Cocker Spaniel serves primarily as a companion and glamorous show dog. It can also be used for hunting, tracking, retrieving, watchdogging and agility.
Group
Gun Dog, AKC Sporting
Recognition
FCI, AKC, UKC, KCGB, CKC, ANKC, NKC, NZKC, CKC, CCR, APRI, ACR
American Bullnese
Pronunciation
-
Description
The American Bullnese should have an appearance of an active muscular dog of heavy bone and should imply courage and boldness. It should be built low to the ground and long in the body. The head should be large and square. The stop should be well defined causing a hollow or groove between the eyes. The muscles of the cheeks should be well developed. The flews should be thick and broad, hanging over the lower jaw. The eyes should be round in form and of moderately large size. The neck should be thick with loose skin at the throat. The ears should soft like velvet with a soft fold. Erect ears are a fault. The body should be heavy in front , chest is broad, deep and full. Well sprung rigs, broad at the shoulders and narrowing at the loin. The forelegs should be short, stout and slightly bowed and muscular. The hindlegs should be firm and well shaped. Legs which are too long are a fault. The tail should be slightly curled, (sickle-like). Screw tails are disqualifying. Any colors are acceptable. The coat should be thick soft, dense, and short. Long coats are disqualifying.
Temperament
The American Bullnese was developed to combine certain features that were admired in a few different breeds of dogs. The American Bullnese has stumpy legs and an elongated body which is responsible for the breed’s adorable hopping run. The American Bullnese also possess a unique, happy and clownish temperament, which is accompanied by a large head and chest with a thick upper body. The combination and refinement of these features created an outstanding dog that is regarded as one of the most adorable and revered house pets in the world.
Height, Weight
Weight: Dogs 18-30 pounds (8.5-14 kg.) Females 15-25 pounds (7-11 kg.)
Height: Dogs 9.5-12 inches (23-31 cm.) Females: 8.5-11 inches (21-28 cm.)
Health Problems
-
Living Conditions
The American Bullnese is good for apartment life. It is relatively inactive indoors and will do okay without a yard.
Exercise
American Bullneses are strong dogs with short straight legs. They enjoy energetic games and will keep in better health if given regular exercise.
Life Expectancy
10-15 years
Grooming
The smooth, short-haired coat is easy to groom. Brush and comb with a firm bristle brush and shampoo only when necessary. The creases on the face must be cleaned regularly.
Origin
Being a fan of short nosed dogs and the bull breeds Robert E. Rice found himself admiring a few characteristics of several different breeds. Unsatisfied with the current selection of any “one” of the existing breeds, Mr. Rice decided to establish a breed of dog that exhibited all the features he had admired in several of the other exiting breeds. The American Bullnese was created by a breeding program started by Robert Rice of Jacksonville, FL in 1989. The breeding program depended heavily upon pedigree research as line breeding was a technique used to increase consistency in the litters. By selectively breeding dogs with outgoing , happy, and confident temperaments, combined with the desired physical features, Mr. Rice was successful in developing the American Bullnese. Mr. Rice is still extending his pedigrees along with many others whom have obtained dogs from this foundation stock and are continuing to develop the breed in in its pure state.
Group
Non-Sporting
Recognition
ABA, APRI
ABA - American Bullnese Association
APRI = American Pet Registry Inc.
An adorable female American Bullnese
Her owner states, "She is my adorable baby girl. She can be very friendly with people she knows."
Photo Courtesy of the American Bullnese Association
Photo Courtesy of the American Bullnese Association
Puppy
Photo Courtesy of the American Bullnese Association
American Bullnese Photos Page 1
Would you like to see your American Bullnese on Dog Breed Info Center®? Click Here
-
Description
The American Bullnese should have an appearance of an active muscular dog of heavy bone and should imply courage and boldness. It should be built low to the ground and long in the body. The head should be large and square. The stop should be well defined causing a hollow or groove between the eyes. The muscles of the cheeks should be well developed. The flews should be thick and broad, hanging over the lower jaw. The eyes should be round in form and of moderately large size. The neck should be thick with loose skin at the throat. The ears should soft like velvet with a soft fold. Erect ears are a fault. The body should be heavy in front , chest is broad, deep and full. Well sprung rigs, broad at the shoulders and narrowing at the loin. The forelegs should be short, stout and slightly bowed and muscular. The hindlegs should be firm and well shaped. Legs which are too long are a fault. The tail should be slightly curled, (sickle-like). Screw tails are disqualifying. Any colors are acceptable. The coat should be thick soft, dense, and short. Long coats are disqualifying.
Temperament
The American Bullnese was developed to combine certain features that were admired in a few different breeds of dogs. The American Bullnese has stumpy legs and an elongated body which is responsible for the breed’s adorable hopping run. The American Bullnese also possess a unique, happy and clownish temperament, which is accompanied by a large head and chest with a thick upper body. The combination and refinement of these features created an outstanding dog that is regarded as one of the most adorable and revered house pets in the world.
Height, Weight
Weight: Dogs 18-30 pounds (8.5-14 kg.) Females 15-25 pounds (7-11 kg.)
Height: Dogs 9.5-12 inches (23-31 cm.) Females: 8.5-11 inches (21-28 cm.)
Health Problems
-
Living Conditions
The American Bullnese is good for apartment life. It is relatively inactive indoors and will do okay without a yard.
Exercise
American Bullneses are strong dogs with short straight legs. They enjoy energetic games and will keep in better health if given regular exercise.
Life Expectancy
10-15 years
Grooming
The smooth, short-haired coat is easy to groom. Brush and comb with a firm bristle brush and shampoo only when necessary. The creases on the face must be cleaned regularly.
Origin
Being a fan of short nosed dogs and the bull breeds Robert E. Rice found himself admiring a few characteristics of several different breeds. Unsatisfied with the current selection of any “one” of the existing breeds, Mr. Rice decided to establish a breed of dog that exhibited all the features he had admired in several of the other exiting breeds. The American Bullnese was created by a breeding program started by Robert Rice of Jacksonville, FL in 1989. The breeding program depended heavily upon pedigree research as line breeding was a technique used to increase consistency in the litters. By selectively breeding dogs with outgoing , happy, and confident temperaments, combined with the desired physical features, Mr. Rice was successful in developing the American Bullnese. Mr. Rice is still extending his pedigrees along with many others whom have obtained dogs from this foundation stock and are continuing to develop the breed in in its pure state.
Group
Non-Sporting
Recognition
ABA, APRI
ABA - American Bullnese Association
APRI = American Pet Registry Inc.
An adorable female American Bullnese
Her owner states, "She is my adorable baby girl. She can be very friendly with people she knows."
Photo Courtesy of the American Bullnese Association
Photo Courtesy of the American Bullnese Association
Puppy
Photo Courtesy of the American Bullnese Association
American Bullnese Photos Page 1
Would you like to see your American Bullnese on Dog Breed Info Center®? Click Here
American Bulldog
American Bulldog Puppies for Sale
American Bulldog
Coreah, the American Bulldog at 21 months old
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Place an Ad
Pronunciation
American Bulldog
Description
The American Bulldog remains higher on the leg, more agile and swifter than its English counterpart. Some individuals are reportedly able to leap six or more feet into the air. The American Bulldog is a very muscular, sturdy dog with a large, powerful head and jaws. He is very strong, but agile and light on his feet. The chest is wide and the muscular neck tapers from shoulders to head. The neck may have a slight dewlap. The head is square and broad with muscular cheeks and a furrow between the rounded eyes. The strong muzzle is shaped like a box. The stop is sharply defined and deep. The teeth should meet in a tight undershot, even or scissors bite. A variety of ear types are acceptable including rose, half-pricked and pendant. Though some people crop the ears, uncropped ears are preferred in the American Bulldog Breeders Association Standard. Any eye color is permitted, but black eye rims are preferred on white dogs. The nose is black or grizzle. In black-nosed dogs, the lips should also be black, though some pink is permitted. The lips should be loose. The heavy-boned front legs should be strong and very straight. The hindquarters should be very broad and muscular. The low-set tail begins thick at the base and then tapers to a point. The short, harsh coat comes in combinations of solid or varying degrees of white, all shades of brindle, brown, red, or tan. The sturdy and powerful, yet compact frame, is characteristically stockier and heavier boned in the males and more refined in the females.
Temperament
American Bulldogs should not be excessively timid, shy or aggressive towards man and preferably not overly aggressive with other dogs. An American Bulldog should never be confused with uniquely different breeds such as the American Staffordshire Terrier or the American Pit Bull Terrier. The American Bulldog is a brave and determined, but not hostile dog. Alert and self-confident, this breed genuinely loves children. It is known for its acts of heroism towards its master. These dogs have fought wild dogs, bulls and even fire. It is said "fighting off one of these dogs is like fighting an animal that possesses an alligator's head and a python's body." Yet when called off by their handler, they immediately obey. No wonder they are said to have "true grit, true devotion and true love." Because of its strong protective instincts, the American Bulldog should be well-socialized and obedience trained at an early age. Some may be aggressive with other dogs and reserved with strangers. They need to be around people to be truly happy. This breed tends to drool and slobber.
Height, Weight
Height- Dogs 22-28 inches (55-70 cm.) Bitches 20-26 inches (52-65 cm.)
Weight- Dogs 70-120 pounds (32-54 kg.) Bitches 60-100 pounds (27-45kg.)
Health Problems
Prone to hip dysplasia.
Living Conditions
The American Bulldog will do okay in an apartment if it is sufficiently exercised. They are relatively inactive indoors and will do best with at least an average-sized yard.
Exercise
Moderate exercise is needed.
Life Expectancy
Up to 16 years
Litter Size
Average of 11 puppies
Grooming
The short, harsh coat is easy to groom. Comb and brush with a firm bristle brush, and bathe only when necessary. This breed is an average shedder.
Origin
Early Bulldogs were used in the bloody sport of bull bating. Some of these dogs emigrated with their masters from England to America. Eventually the English Bulldog was bred down in size and his personality was softened, but the American version remained a larger, fiercer dog. The American version has longer legs and more speed and agility than the English show dog. Thanks to the efforts of John D. Johnson of Summerville, Georgia the American Bulldog exists today. After he returned from WW II he was disappointed to find that, like the English Mastiff, they were almost completely extinct. He then decided to gather the best he could find from all across the rural south and bring them back from the brink of extinction. He has been breeding these dogs longer than anyone else in the world and his father bred them before him. He is an old man now (in his 80's) and these dogs have always existed in his family. He is the sole reason why they exist today. If it were not for his efforts they surely would be gone. He has been breeding them non-stop since then. The American Bulldog has also been used as a guard and in hunting bear, wild boar, squirrel and raccoon. They have even been trained to drive cattle and guard stock from predators. Farmers prize these dogs for their stamina, protectiveness, intelligence and working abilities. Some of the American Bulldogs talents are hunting, watchdogging, tracking, weight pulling, and guarding.
Group
Mastiff
Recognition
ABA, ARF, UKC, NKC, NABA, ARBA, JDJB, ABCC, AABC, NKC, CKC, APRI, ACR
American Bulldog
Coreah, the American Bulldog at 21 months old
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Place an Ad
Pronunciation
American Bulldog
Description
The American Bulldog remains higher on the leg, more agile and swifter than its English counterpart. Some individuals are reportedly able to leap six or more feet into the air. The American Bulldog is a very muscular, sturdy dog with a large, powerful head and jaws. He is very strong, but agile and light on his feet. The chest is wide and the muscular neck tapers from shoulders to head. The neck may have a slight dewlap. The head is square and broad with muscular cheeks and a furrow between the rounded eyes. The strong muzzle is shaped like a box. The stop is sharply defined and deep. The teeth should meet in a tight undershot, even or scissors bite. A variety of ear types are acceptable including rose, half-pricked and pendant. Though some people crop the ears, uncropped ears are preferred in the American Bulldog Breeders Association Standard. Any eye color is permitted, but black eye rims are preferred on white dogs. The nose is black or grizzle. In black-nosed dogs, the lips should also be black, though some pink is permitted. The lips should be loose. The heavy-boned front legs should be strong and very straight. The hindquarters should be very broad and muscular. The low-set tail begins thick at the base and then tapers to a point. The short, harsh coat comes in combinations of solid or varying degrees of white, all shades of brindle, brown, red, or tan. The sturdy and powerful, yet compact frame, is characteristically stockier and heavier boned in the males and more refined in the females.
Temperament
American Bulldogs should not be excessively timid, shy or aggressive towards man and preferably not overly aggressive with other dogs. An American Bulldog should never be confused with uniquely different breeds such as the American Staffordshire Terrier or the American Pit Bull Terrier. The American Bulldog is a brave and determined, but not hostile dog. Alert and self-confident, this breed genuinely loves children. It is known for its acts of heroism towards its master. These dogs have fought wild dogs, bulls and even fire. It is said "fighting off one of these dogs is like fighting an animal that possesses an alligator's head and a python's body." Yet when called off by their handler, they immediately obey. No wonder they are said to have "true grit, true devotion and true love." Because of its strong protective instincts, the American Bulldog should be well-socialized and obedience trained at an early age. Some may be aggressive with other dogs and reserved with strangers. They need to be around people to be truly happy. This breed tends to drool and slobber.
Height, Weight
Height- Dogs 22-28 inches (55-70 cm.) Bitches 20-26 inches (52-65 cm.)
Weight- Dogs 70-120 pounds (32-54 kg.) Bitches 60-100 pounds (27-45kg.)
Health Problems
Prone to hip dysplasia.
Living Conditions
The American Bulldog will do okay in an apartment if it is sufficiently exercised. They are relatively inactive indoors and will do best with at least an average-sized yard.
Exercise
Moderate exercise is needed.
Life Expectancy
Up to 16 years
Litter Size
Average of 11 puppies
Grooming
The short, harsh coat is easy to groom. Comb and brush with a firm bristle brush, and bathe only when necessary. This breed is an average shedder.
Origin
Early Bulldogs were used in the bloody sport of bull bating. Some of these dogs emigrated with their masters from England to America. Eventually the English Bulldog was bred down in size and his personality was softened, but the American version remained a larger, fiercer dog. The American version has longer legs and more speed and agility than the English show dog. Thanks to the efforts of John D. Johnson of Summerville, Georgia the American Bulldog exists today. After he returned from WW II he was disappointed to find that, like the English Mastiff, they were almost completely extinct. He then decided to gather the best he could find from all across the rural south and bring them back from the brink of extinction. He has been breeding these dogs longer than anyone else in the world and his father bred them before him. He is an old man now (in his 80's) and these dogs have always existed in his family. He is the sole reason why they exist today. If it were not for his efforts they surely would be gone. He has been breeding them non-stop since then. The American Bulldog has also been used as a guard and in hunting bear, wild boar, squirrel and raccoon. They have even been trained to drive cattle and guard stock from predators. Farmers prize these dogs for their stamina, protectiveness, intelligence and working abilities. Some of the American Bulldogs talents are hunting, watchdogging, tracking, weight pulling, and guarding.
Group
Mastiff
Recognition
ABA, ARF, UKC, NKC, NABA, ARBA, JDJB, ABCC, AABC, NKC, CKC, APRI, ACR
Alpine Dachsbracke
Description
The Alpine Dachsbracke is a short legged, sturdy hunting dog with a robust, strong boned body structure, dense coat, firm muscles. It has a straight bridge of nose with a definite stop and a lightly arched skull. Strong muzzle with pronounced transition to cranial region. Well defined furrow in forehead, lightly emphasized occiput. The nose is black and the lips are close fitting with black pigment, moderately rounded curve of lips. Strong complete teeth with scissor or pincer bite. The eyes have dark brown irises and the eyelids are close fitting to eyeballs with black pigment. The neck is muscular and not too long. The trunk is strong and well muscled, elongated. Withers moderately emphasized; straight back; loins short and broad. The rump is barely sloping. The chest is deep and broad with pronounced forechest. Depth of chest should be about half the height at shoulder. The belly is moderately tucked up. The tail is set on high, thick at root. Longer hair on underside (brush tail); reaching barely to ground, carried slightly downward. The limbs are close fitting shoulders are long, sloping and strongly muscled. Front legs are straight and strong; they appear short in relation to the body. Hindquarters are muscular, strong and well angulated. Seen from the rear, the axis of the legs is straight. The front and hind feet are strong, round, toes tight against each other with strong pads and black nails. The Alpine Dachsbracke has a double coat consisting of very thick top coat and a dense undercoat, which covers the whole body and is close fitting. The ideal color is dark deer red with or without black hairs lightly interspersed. Also black with clearly defined red-brown markings on head (Vieraeugl), chest, legs, feet and underside of tail. A white star on chest permitted.
Temperament
Intelligent and friendly with a fearless personality. A robust, weather resistant working dog used by the mountain huntsman. The Alpine Dachsbracke is used as a tracking hound for wounded deer and as scenthound for hare and fox.
Height, Weight
Height: 13-16.5 inches (34-42 cm.)
Weight: 33-40 pounds (15-18 kg.)
Health Problems
-
Living Conditions
Good for apartment living. They are fairly active indoors and will do okay without a yard.
Exercise
Alpine Dachsbrackes were bred to hunt and have great vitality and stamina. They need plenty of exercise.
Life Expectancy
About 12 years
Grooming
The smooth short-haired coat of the Alpine Dachsbracke is easy to look after. Brush with a firm bristle brush, and bathe with mild soap only when necessary. Dry shampoo occasionally. Be sure to check the ears carefully for signs of infection and keep the nails trimmed.
Origin
Already in ancient times, a hunting/shooting dog was used which bore a remarkable resemblance in appearance to the Alpine Dachsbracke. Crown Prince Rudolf of Habsburg in 1881 and 1885 made his gamekeepers from Murzsteg and Ischl include Alpine Dachsbracken on his hunting trips to Turkey and to Egypt. In 1932 the Alpine- Erzgebirgs - Dachsbracke was recognized by the top canine organizations in Austria as the third Scenthound breed. In 1975 the name was altered to Alpenlaendische Dachsbracke and the F.C.I. declared Austria as the country of origin. In 1991 the Alpenlaendische Dachsbracke was included in Section 2 of Scenthounds in the FCI nomenclature.
Group
Scenthound
Recognition
FCI, APRI, NKC, CKC, ACR, ACA
The Alpine Dachsbracke is a short legged, sturdy hunting dog with a robust, strong boned body structure, dense coat, firm muscles. It has a straight bridge of nose with a definite stop and a lightly arched skull. Strong muzzle with pronounced transition to cranial region. Well defined furrow in forehead, lightly emphasized occiput. The nose is black and the lips are close fitting with black pigment, moderately rounded curve of lips. Strong complete teeth with scissor or pincer bite. The eyes have dark brown irises and the eyelids are close fitting to eyeballs with black pigment. The neck is muscular and not too long. The trunk is strong and well muscled, elongated. Withers moderately emphasized; straight back; loins short and broad. The rump is barely sloping. The chest is deep and broad with pronounced forechest. Depth of chest should be about half the height at shoulder. The belly is moderately tucked up. The tail is set on high, thick at root. Longer hair on underside (brush tail); reaching barely to ground, carried slightly downward. The limbs are close fitting shoulders are long, sloping and strongly muscled. Front legs are straight and strong; they appear short in relation to the body. Hindquarters are muscular, strong and well angulated. Seen from the rear, the axis of the legs is straight. The front and hind feet are strong, round, toes tight against each other with strong pads and black nails. The Alpine Dachsbracke has a double coat consisting of very thick top coat and a dense undercoat, which covers the whole body and is close fitting. The ideal color is dark deer red with or without black hairs lightly interspersed. Also black with clearly defined red-brown markings on head (Vieraeugl), chest, legs, feet and underside of tail. A white star on chest permitted.
Temperament
Intelligent and friendly with a fearless personality. A robust, weather resistant working dog used by the mountain huntsman. The Alpine Dachsbracke is used as a tracking hound for wounded deer and as scenthound for hare and fox.
Height, Weight
Height: 13-16.5 inches (34-42 cm.)
Weight: 33-40 pounds (15-18 kg.)
Health Problems
-
Living Conditions
Good for apartment living. They are fairly active indoors and will do okay without a yard.
Exercise
Alpine Dachsbrackes were bred to hunt and have great vitality and stamina. They need plenty of exercise.
Life Expectancy
About 12 years
Grooming
The smooth short-haired coat of the Alpine Dachsbracke is easy to look after. Brush with a firm bristle brush, and bathe with mild soap only when necessary. Dry shampoo occasionally. Be sure to check the ears carefully for signs of infection and keep the nails trimmed.
Origin
Already in ancient times, a hunting/shooting dog was used which bore a remarkable resemblance in appearance to the Alpine Dachsbracke. Crown Prince Rudolf of Habsburg in 1881 and 1885 made his gamekeepers from Murzsteg and Ischl include Alpine Dachsbracken on his hunting trips to Turkey and to Egypt. In 1932 the Alpine- Erzgebirgs - Dachsbracke was recognized by the top canine organizations in Austria as the third Scenthound breed. In 1975 the name was altered to Alpenlaendische Dachsbracke and the F.C.I. declared Austria as the country of origin. In 1991 the Alpenlaendische Dachsbracke was included in Section 2 of Scenthounds in the FCI nomenclature.
Group
Scenthound
Recognition
FCI, APRI, NKC, CKC, ACR, ACA
Alopekis
Description
The Alopekis are fox-like, with relatively short and smooth coat, wedge-shaped head and sickle-tail, pricked ears and smart expression, body longer than the dog's height at withers, swift and graceful movement. The wedged muzzle tapers evenly to the nose without being pointed or undershot. It has a light but visible stop. Topline of the muzzle is level. The muzzle is deep and broad at it's root, with a strong jaws. The skull is broad, very slightly domed, with amble brain room. Cheeks are developed but not prominent, flat and deep. The occipital bone is not prominent. The frontal furrow is visible between the eyes and disappears smoothly along the rise of the skull. The brows are well-developed over the large eye orbits. The jaws is strong, with even and regular teeth (scissor-bite). The lips are taut. The eyes are rather large, in shape almond to round, bright, intelligent, of normal position and neither deep-set nor protruding, of color in accordance to the coat and well-fitting eyelids. The nose is broad, with well-opened nostrils. Not too large in relation to the muzzle, elastic, moist, flat and level on it's front surface, protruding very slightly over the top lip. The ears are triangular, large, slightly rounded at their tips, erect and very mobile. The arch of the neck is visible but not too accentuated. The length of neck is medium, strong and without dewlap, cylindroconical in shape, blending smoothly onto the withers. The body is longer than the height of the dog, with broad and deep enough chest, well-extended ribcage without barrel-shaped or flat-sided ribs, with good spring and forechest. The back is strong and curves slightly over the muscular, broad loin and croup. The forequarters are well-laid back shoulder blades, forming good angles with the upper arms, which are of the same length to them. The forelegs are straight, with good but not heavy oval bone, strong wrists and elastic pasterns, which are set slightly oblique to the vertical without falling off too much. The feet are elliptical, not as round as the cat's, in shape between the round and the oval, with short, strong nails and elastic, thick pads. The rear hindquarters are well-rounded, good length and angle of pelvis, very broad, wide and muscular thighs, forming good angles with the well-developed stifles, strong knees and hocks, straight, vertical and perfectly parallel to each other metatarsals, turning neither in nor out. The tail is long, forming a sickle, reaching the hock joints, set and carried relatively high, with elegant curve, neither falling tightly on the back nor carried vertically erect. Mobile and happy in motion, with coat forming a brush underneath. The double coat is of good quality, with hard and smooth outer coat, soft and dense under coat. The jacket is thicker and longer around the neck, forming a brush under the tail, breaches on the rear of the thighs and short feathers on the rear surfaces of the forelegs. Medium-short in length, not exceeding 2 inches (5 cm.), lying flat on the body or only very slightly wavy, with a natural silky sheen. Comes in all colors and combinations except discolored white (albino). Strong pigment preferred but "winter noses" should not be penalized. Both eyes must be of the same color, neither blue nor transparent (watery). Light yellow eyes (like a prey-bird's) is a serious cosmetic fault. Two coat varieties occur, shorthaired and wirehaired. The wirehaired type is very rare, but with work it could also be developed. This bred is also smaller and lighter than the Small Greek Domestic Dog.
Temperament
Small, multi-purpose utility and house dog of urban and city adaptations, faithful and devoted companion, tireless & eager helper, of pleasant disposition and high intelligence, easily trained worker. Strong, healthy, hardy and of moderate needs. Watch-dog, ratter, flock-attendant, possessing a natural hunting instinct. Very playful, sociable and very clever.
Character, temperament and behavior are the most important aspect of the breed's nature and historical position as a friend, companion and helper of people. The instinctive, innate traits of it's behavior are great eagerness to please and faithful devotion. Shy, nervous, anti-social, aggressive or vicious individuals are excluded from breeding & showing. Alopecis is a house companion, watchful but self-confident and optimistic. Obedient, lively, alert, attentive, out-going and happy by nature, friendly and even-tempered. Protective of people and house animals, relentless enemy of vermin, enthusiastic worker, highly trainable, extremely agile, with a hunting instinct and playful disposition, Alopecis is the valued companion of the Greek people from antiquity to this day. Full of courage and always bright-eyed, ever-ready for action, tireless and capable of covering great distances, athletic and with fast reflexes, positive-thinking and resourceful, with great stamina and persistence, adaptable & eager to the needs of the master, full of grace in manners and pleasant in it's habits, this is an unspoiled breed of dog, useful in many tasks and blessed with centuries-old resilience & canine wisdom, a true "multum in parvo"*, feeling equally at home in any environment, urban or rural alike.
* in Greek the phrase is : "polla en smikro", meaning many things in a small package.
Height, Weight
Height: 8 - 12 inches (20 - 30 cm) (with a tolerance of up to 2 cm. above the limit for individuals of excellent type)
Weight: 6.5 - 15.5 pounds (3-7 kg)
Health Problems
NO common genetic problems known.
Living Conditions
The Alopekis is suitable for urban or country life, small apartment or farm. It is a very adaptable dog.
Exercise
The Alopekis needs free play but can adjust to a small household provided they get frequent walks. They can take any amount of exercise. Very athletic little dogs, ideal for mini-agility!
Life Expectancy
If well-cared for, they can reach well over 14-16 years.
Grooming
Easy to groom and care for.
Origin
The ancestors of this breed are the primitive dogs that appeared in Greece during the proto-hellenic era of the Pelasgoi people. Findings exist as far back as the palaeolithic age settlements in Thessaly. Referred to by the ancient Greeks as "alopecis" (small & fox-like). Similar dogs have been depicted on ancient Greek sculptures as well as other archeological finds. The Alopekis occurs naturally in the general Greek stray street populations, although they are now being carefully bred. At one time the Alopekis and Small Greek Domestic Dog were considered to be different types of the same breed. This has since changed and provisional standards have been written for each breed since both breed true to type. In terms of numbers, this breed is less common than the Small Greek Domestic Dog, although both breeds would be the easiest and most likely breeds to be exported from Greece and established elsewhere.
In ancient Greece a hairless variety existed, which was sometimes wrongly called the Turkish Naked Dog. Unfortunately this type has become extinct. The reason for this extinction is twofold. The first is that the climate in ancient Greece was warmer than the current climate. This allowed the hairless variety to survive, but as the climate began to cool the hairless Alopekis needed human intervention to stay alive. This did not occur because of the fact that many ancient Greeks considered this type to be ugly looking.
Group
Primitive
Recognition
Not yet recognized. The relevant Hellenic breed club is under formation right now.
The Alopekis are fox-like, with relatively short and smooth coat, wedge-shaped head and sickle-tail, pricked ears and smart expression, body longer than the dog's height at withers, swift and graceful movement. The wedged muzzle tapers evenly to the nose without being pointed or undershot. It has a light but visible stop. Topline of the muzzle is level. The muzzle is deep and broad at it's root, with a strong jaws. The skull is broad, very slightly domed, with amble brain room. Cheeks are developed but not prominent, flat and deep. The occipital bone is not prominent. The frontal furrow is visible between the eyes and disappears smoothly along the rise of the skull. The brows are well-developed over the large eye orbits. The jaws is strong, with even and regular teeth (scissor-bite). The lips are taut. The eyes are rather large, in shape almond to round, bright, intelligent, of normal position and neither deep-set nor protruding, of color in accordance to the coat and well-fitting eyelids. The nose is broad, with well-opened nostrils. Not too large in relation to the muzzle, elastic, moist, flat and level on it's front surface, protruding very slightly over the top lip. The ears are triangular, large, slightly rounded at their tips, erect and very mobile. The arch of the neck is visible but not too accentuated. The length of neck is medium, strong and without dewlap, cylindroconical in shape, blending smoothly onto the withers. The body is longer than the height of the dog, with broad and deep enough chest, well-extended ribcage without barrel-shaped or flat-sided ribs, with good spring and forechest. The back is strong and curves slightly over the muscular, broad loin and croup. The forequarters are well-laid back shoulder blades, forming good angles with the upper arms, which are of the same length to them. The forelegs are straight, with good but not heavy oval bone, strong wrists and elastic pasterns, which are set slightly oblique to the vertical without falling off too much. The feet are elliptical, not as round as the cat's, in shape between the round and the oval, with short, strong nails and elastic, thick pads. The rear hindquarters are well-rounded, good length and angle of pelvis, very broad, wide and muscular thighs, forming good angles with the well-developed stifles, strong knees and hocks, straight, vertical and perfectly parallel to each other metatarsals, turning neither in nor out. The tail is long, forming a sickle, reaching the hock joints, set and carried relatively high, with elegant curve, neither falling tightly on the back nor carried vertically erect. Mobile and happy in motion, with coat forming a brush underneath. The double coat is of good quality, with hard and smooth outer coat, soft and dense under coat. The jacket is thicker and longer around the neck, forming a brush under the tail, breaches on the rear of the thighs and short feathers on the rear surfaces of the forelegs. Medium-short in length, not exceeding 2 inches (5 cm.), lying flat on the body or only very slightly wavy, with a natural silky sheen. Comes in all colors and combinations except discolored white (albino). Strong pigment preferred but "winter noses" should not be penalized. Both eyes must be of the same color, neither blue nor transparent (watery). Light yellow eyes (like a prey-bird's) is a serious cosmetic fault. Two coat varieties occur, shorthaired and wirehaired. The wirehaired type is very rare, but with work it could also be developed. This bred is also smaller and lighter than the Small Greek Domestic Dog.
Temperament
Small, multi-purpose utility and house dog of urban and city adaptations, faithful and devoted companion, tireless & eager helper, of pleasant disposition and high intelligence, easily trained worker. Strong, healthy, hardy and of moderate needs. Watch-dog, ratter, flock-attendant, possessing a natural hunting instinct. Very playful, sociable and very clever.
Character, temperament and behavior are the most important aspect of the breed's nature and historical position as a friend, companion and helper of people. The instinctive, innate traits of it's behavior are great eagerness to please and faithful devotion. Shy, nervous, anti-social, aggressive or vicious individuals are excluded from breeding & showing. Alopecis is a house companion, watchful but self-confident and optimistic. Obedient, lively, alert, attentive, out-going and happy by nature, friendly and even-tempered. Protective of people and house animals, relentless enemy of vermin, enthusiastic worker, highly trainable, extremely agile, with a hunting instinct and playful disposition, Alopecis is the valued companion of the Greek people from antiquity to this day. Full of courage and always bright-eyed, ever-ready for action, tireless and capable of covering great distances, athletic and with fast reflexes, positive-thinking and resourceful, with great stamina and persistence, adaptable & eager to the needs of the master, full of grace in manners and pleasant in it's habits, this is an unspoiled breed of dog, useful in many tasks and blessed with centuries-old resilience & canine wisdom, a true "multum in parvo"*, feeling equally at home in any environment, urban or rural alike.
* in Greek the phrase is : "polla en smikro", meaning many things in a small package.
Height, Weight
Height: 8 - 12 inches (20 - 30 cm) (with a tolerance of up to 2 cm. above the limit for individuals of excellent type)
Weight: 6.5 - 15.5 pounds (3-7 kg)
Health Problems
NO common genetic problems known.
Living Conditions
The Alopekis is suitable for urban or country life, small apartment or farm. It is a very adaptable dog.
Exercise
The Alopekis needs free play but can adjust to a small household provided they get frequent walks. They can take any amount of exercise. Very athletic little dogs, ideal for mini-agility!
Life Expectancy
If well-cared for, they can reach well over 14-16 years.
Grooming
Easy to groom and care for.
Origin
The ancestors of this breed are the primitive dogs that appeared in Greece during the proto-hellenic era of the Pelasgoi people. Findings exist as far back as the palaeolithic age settlements in Thessaly. Referred to by the ancient Greeks as "alopecis" (small & fox-like). Similar dogs have been depicted on ancient Greek sculptures as well as other archeological finds. The Alopekis occurs naturally in the general Greek stray street populations, although they are now being carefully bred. At one time the Alopekis and Small Greek Domestic Dog were considered to be different types of the same breed. This has since changed and provisional standards have been written for each breed since both breed true to type. In terms of numbers, this breed is less common than the Small Greek Domestic Dog, although both breeds would be the easiest and most likely breeds to be exported from Greece and established elsewhere.
In ancient Greece a hairless variety existed, which was sometimes wrongly called the Turkish Naked Dog. Unfortunately this type has become extinct. The reason for this extinction is twofold. The first is that the climate in ancient Greece was warmer than the current climate. This allowed the hairless variety to survive, but as the climate began to cool the hairless Alopekis needed human intervention to stay alive. This did not occur because of the fact that many ancient Greeks considered this type to be ugly looking.
Group
Primitive
Recognition
Not yet recognized. The relevant Hellenic breed club is under formation right now.
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